2 month old - large post fontanelle, large tongue, and hypotonia
38 wks gest APGAR: 7, 9
most likely underlying mechanism?

Answers

Answer 1

Possible diagnosis could be Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21.


The combination of a large post fontanelle, large tongue, and hypotonia in a 2-month-old infant with an APGAR score of 7 and 9 at birth suggests a possible diagnosis of Down Syndrome.

The physical characteristics that accompany Down Syndrome include a large tongue, a flat facial profile, hypotonia or low muscle tone, and a larger than normal fontanelle.

While there are other potential underlying mechanisms that could cause these symptoms, Down Syndrome is a common diagnosis in cases like this.

A genetic test can confirm the presence of an extra chromosome 21.
The most likely underlying mechanism for a 2-month-old with a large posterior fontanelle, large tongue, and hypotonia, with APGAR scores of 7 and 9 at 38 weeks gestation, is congenital hypothyroidism.

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Related Questions

Which medication was administered to Mr. Bronson to decrease inflammation?

Answers

Mr. Bronson was administered a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) to decrease inflammation.

NSAIDs work by blocking the production of substances called prostaglandins, which are responsible for swelling and pain. NSAIDs are available in a variety of forms, such as tablets, capsules, gels, creams, ointments and injections.

They can also be taken in combination with other medications to better target specific symptoms and provide more targeted relief. NSAIDs are generally well tolerated but can have side effects including nausea and gastrointestinal problems.

It is important to talk with your doctor before taking an NSAID if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or take other medications as they may interact with the medication or increase the risk of side effects.

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3. Analyze Sergio's developmental milestones. Consult the list of expected milestones in this chapter and on the Denver II Developmental Test in Chapter 9. What skills will Sergio learn next? What specific suggestions do you have for his parents as they seek to encourage his development?

Answers

The specific suggestions that one has for his parents as they seek to encourage his development are

Sergio will work for a toy and will get interested in feeding himself.Sergio will start grasping for items and will acquire object permanence.Sergio will continue to develop speaking sounds, babble, and utter "mama and dada" in an unspecific manner. He'll like mimicking his parents' speaking sounds.

Developmental milestones refer to a set of age-specific tasks and skills that a child should be able to perform at a certain age range. These milestones include physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, and are used to track a child's growth and development over time.

Examples of developmental milestones include crawling, walking, speaking in full sentences, problem-solving, and forming relationships with others. Monitoring a child's developmental milestones can help identify potential delays or issues, and allow for early intervention and treatment. Milestones can vary depending on the child's individual development and cultural background, but there are general expectations for each age range.

Parents and caregivers can support a child's development by providing opportunities for exploration and learning, fostering positive relationships and communication, and seeking professional help if they have concerns about a child's development.

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Correct location of the catheter tip of a central venous line is in the:
superior vena cava
right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery

Answers

The correct location of the catheter tip of a central venous line is in the superior vena cava.

The correct placement of the catheter tip of a central venous line is important for safe and effective patient care. A central venous line is a catheter that is inserted through a large vein in the body, usually the jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein, and advanced to a central location near the heart.

It is commonly used to administer medications, fluids, and nutrition, and to monitor various hemodynamic parameters.

The ideal location for the catheter tip of a central venous line is in the superior vena cava, which is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body to the right atrium of the heart.

The superior vena cava is located in the chest, near the heart, and is the largest vein in the body.

Placement of the catheter tip in the superior vena cava has several advantages.

First, it provides direct and rapid access to the heart, allowing for rapid delivery of medications and fluids.

Second, it minimizes the risk of complications associated with central venous access, such as infection and thrombosis.

Third, it allows for accurate monitoring of hemodynamic parameters, such as central venous pressure, which can help guide fluid management and cardiovascular support.

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5. sam also states he has been experiencing more depressive cycles. if the physician were to prescribe an additional medication to help with this, what medication would you expect the physician to prescribe and why?

Answers

If Sam reports experiencing more depressive cycles, the physician may prescribe an antidepressant medication such as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI).

There are several types of antidepressant medications that may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of depression. SSRIs and SNRIs are often considered first-line treatments due to their effectiveness, low risk of side effects, and ease of use.

Other classes of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, may also be used, but they carry a higher risk of side effects and require more careful monitoring. The choice of medication will depend on Sam's specific symptoms, medical history, and other factors that the physician will consider before making a treatment recommendation.

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A drug has a high therapeutic index. What does that mean?
a) eliminated by kidneys
b) unlikely to have significant adverse effects
c) minimal entry to the brain
d) must monitor plasma concentrations
e) minimal interactions with other drugs

Answers

A drug has a high therapeutic index. It means b) unlikely to have significant adverse effects.

What is a high therapeutic index?
A high therapeutic index means that the drug has a wide margin of safety, indicating that the dose required for therapeutic effect is much lower than the dose that could cause harmful or toxic effects. This means that the drug is unlikely to have significant adverse effects. The terms "kidney" and "plasma concentrations" are not directly related to the concept of the therapeutic index, although they may be factors in determining dosages and monitoring of the drug.
What does it mean by a drug with a high therapeutic index?

A drug with a high therapeutic index means that it is b) unlikely to have significant adverse effects. The therapeutic index is a ratio that compares the effective dose to the toxic dose of a drug. A higher therapeutic index indicates a larger margin of safety between the effective dose and the toxic dose, making it less likely to cause adverse effects.

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Which Community Colleges offer CEP Nursing programs?

Answers

There are many Community Colleges across the United States that offer CEP Nursing programs. Some examples  include Los Angeles City College in California, Bronx Community College in New York, and Miami Dade College in Florida.

There are many Community Colleges across the United States that offer CEP Nursing programs.

Some examples of Community Colleges that offer CEP Nursing programs include Los Angeles City College in California, Bronx Community College in New York, and Miami Dade College in Florida.

It is important to research specific Community Colleges in your area to find out if they offer CEP Nursing programs and what their specific requirements and application processes are.

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Refill limitations for a Schedule III controlled substance are:

Answers

According to the United States Controlled Substances Act (CSA), which categorizes drugs into different schedules based on their potential for abuse and medical use, Schedule III controlled substances have less potential for abuse compared to Schedule I and II substances.

Therefore, they have fewer restrictions on their prescription and refills.Under federal law, Schedule III controlled substances can be refilled up to five times within six months from the date the prescription was issued. After that, a new prescription is required.However, state laws may vary, and some states may have more restrictive refill limits for Schedule III controlled substances. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider and a pharmacist for specific information on refill limits and other legal requirements related to controlled substances.

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Tongue Resting Position is on the (top of palate/floor of mouth)

Answers

The Tongue Resting Position is on the top of the palate, which is the roof of the mouth.

When the tongue is in this position, it helps to maintain good oral posture and could prevent issues such as mouth breathing and improper swallowing.

However, if the tongue is resting on the floor of the mouth, it can lead to dental problems and affect the overall alignment of the jaw and teeth.

It is important to practice proper tongue posture and consult with a dentist or orthodontist if any concerns arise.

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Which information should the nurse include when reinforcing instructions for a client about using vaginal medications?

Answers

Vaginal anti-infectives are available as creams, pessaries (tablets), gels or solutions to treat either bacterial or fungal vaginal infections. Vaginal antifungal products are used to treat vaginal thrush.

When reinforcing instructions for a client about using vaginal medications, the nurse should include the following information:

1. Wash hands thoroughly before and after handling the medication to prevent infection.
2. Read and follow the instructions on the medication label carefully to ensure proper dosage and administration.
3. Use the provided applicator or wear a glove to insert the medication, ensuring it is inserted at the correct depth for optimal absorption.
4. Maintain a consistent schedule for medication administration, ideally at bedtime, to enhance effectiveness.
5. Refrain from engaging in sexual intercourse, douching, or using tampons while using vaginal medications to prevent irritation or dislodging the medication.
6. Complete the entire course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to prevent recurrence or complications.
7. Report any unusual side effects, such as increased irritation, swelling, or discharge, to the healthcare provider promptly.

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