Islamic forces threatened the city of Constantinople twice before 800 C.E.
After the collapse of Ravenna and the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, Constantinople took over as the de jure capital of the Roman Empire. Constantinople first assumed this role upon its founding in 330. It remained the capital of the Latin Empire (1204–1261), the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922), and the Eastern Roman Empire (commonly known as the Byzantine Empire; 330–1204 and 1261–1453). The Turkish capital then shifted to Ankara after the Turkish War of Independence. The Republic of Turkey (1923–present)'s largest city and financial hub, Istanbul was formally renamed in 1930. Additionally, it is the biggest city in Europe.
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What Alamo defender was killed in bed, too sick to stand?
by 1820, the population of new york numbered over people. group of answer choices 50,000 75,000 100,000 200,000
By 1820, the population of New York numbered over 100,000 people. Therefore, option C is correct.
Population refers to the total number of people living in a specific geographic area at a given time. The population of a place can vary greatly depending on factors such as birth and death rates, immigration, emigration, and economic and social conditions.
Accurately estimating population size is important for a variety of reasons, such as understanding the need for resources and services, assessing the impact of policies and programs, and projecting future growth and development.
Population growth can have both positive and negative effects on a society. On the one hand, a growing population can increase economic output and innovation, but on the other hand, it can also strain resources and lead to environmental degradation and social inequality.
Understanding population trends and dynamics is crucial for policymakers and researchers to make informed decisions that promote sustainable development and improve the well-being of communities.
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Using sorce 1 which statement best describes an outcome of the battle of New Orleans
The biggest land engagement of the War of 1812 was won by the United States at New Orleans. A key territory was kept out of British hands because of the battle.
Which best captures the outcome of the Battle of New Orleans?The biggest land engagement of the War of 1812 was won by the United States at New Orleans. The fight, which also made Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson a household figure, prevented a British attempt to take control of a significant American port.
What happened at the Battle of New Orleans, and who rose to fame as a result of it?On this date in 1815, Major General Andrew Jackson won the Battle of New Orleans by commanding a tiny, ill-equipped force against 8,000 British soldiers. Jackson rose to fame.
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Why did the Hundred Years' War decrease the value of armed knights?
Answer:
The war saw the introduction of new military technologies and tactics, such as the longbow and gunpowder artillery, which made knights less effective on the battlefield.
As the war progressed, the cost of equipping and maintaining a knight became increasingly expensive, while their effectiveness in battle diminished. The traditional image of a knight charging into battle on horseback with a lance became less viable as infantry armed with longbows could outshoot them, and gunpowder artillery could easily penetrate their armor. Furthermore, the use of mercenaries and foot soldiers became more common in armies, as they were less expensive to equip and maintain than knights.
The cost of maintaining large numbers of knights became a burden on both sides of the conflict, and the expense of outfitting and supporting large numbers of heavily armored knights led to a shift towards more cost-effective infantry-based armies. This shift away from the use of knights as the primary military force marked a decline in their value and status on the battlefield. Thus, the Hundred Years' War played a significant role in decreasing the value of armed knights and contributed to the end of the age of chivalry.
1. What caused World War II to take place?
2. Who was Adolph Hitler? What country was he from and what was he trying to do within that country?
3. What event officially started World War II? What year did it begin? 1. Who was the president of the United States during World War II?
1. Who was the president of the United States during World War II?
2. What country was the U.S. allowed to still trade with and why? How did Japan take this?
3. Describe what happened at Pearl Harbor in 1941? What was President Roosevelts response to this event? . Who was the general for the United States during the war?
2. What is D-Day?
3. What was the Holocaust? What countries were involved? What group of people were killed during this event?
4. What country surrendered in May of 1945? Did this end the war?
5. What did the United States do to Japan before Japan surrendered in August of 1945, ending the war?
Answer:
Adolf Hitler was leader of the Nazi Party who rose to become dictator of Germany.
Explanation:
the statement which best reflects the policy mandated by the northwest ordinance of 1787 with regard to slavery in the newly created territories is:
The northwest ordinance of 1787 established a policy that prohibited slavery in the newly created territories north of the Ohio River.
This policy was intended to promote the growth of free labor in these territories and to prevent the expansion of slavery into the Northwest.
The ordinance declared that "there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the party shall have been duly convicted."
This statement reflects the strong anti-slavery sentiment that existed in the northern states at the time and set the precedent for future anti-slavery policies and laws in the United States.
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Knowledge of programming language characteristics can be used to develop more elegant and efficient constructs for applications for various disciplines.
(COBOL was a popular language in the 1960's, but ALGOL 60 was more powerful. The latter couldn't beat COBOL, even though it was technically a "better" language.)
Yes, knowledge of programming language characteristics can definitely be used to develop more elegant and efficient constructs for applications in various disciplines.
Different programming languages have their own unique features, strengths, and limitations.
By understanding these characteristics, developers can choose the right language for the specific task at hand and leverage its features to build better, more efficient, and more maintainable code.
However, it's worth noting that the popularity and adoption of a programming language can depend on various factors beyond its technical capabilities.
Factors such as community support, availability of tools and resources, industry trends, and legacy systems can also influence the choice of a programming language for a particular project or application.
The example of COBOL and ALGOL 60 illustrates this point. While ALGOL 60 was technically a more powerful language.
Ultimately, the choice of programming language for a project or application requires consideration of multiple factors beyond just its technical capabilities.
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How did the United States become and imperial power at the end of the 19th century?
The United States abandoned its century-long commitment to isolationism and become an imperial power at the end of the 19th century.
In 1898 when the Treaty of Paris ended the war and gave independence to Cuba and also gave the important Spanish possessions like notably Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the small island of Guam to the United States. The United States was suddenly a colonial power with overseas dependencies which helped to become an imperial power.
The new imperialism at the end of the 19th century is caused by economic, military, political, humanitarian, and religious reasons, as well as by the development and acceptance of a new theory of Social Darwinism and advances in technology. American imperialism started in 1900 and ended in 1914 under the leadership of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson
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The code of HammurabiBabylon (modern Iran). Susain. c. 1792-1750 B.C.E. Basalt.In this stone is carved with around 300 laws, the first know set of ruler enforced laws.(Stone, carved, laws, inscriptions)
The Code of Hammurabi, in ancient Babylon around 1792-1750 B.C.E., is a basalt stone, measuring 2.25 m in height, features inscriptions of nearly 300 laws, making it the first known set of ruler-enforced regulations.
Carved meticulously into the stone, the laws provided a legal framework for the Babylonian society, addressing various aspects of daily life such as trade, property rights, and family matters. The Code of Hammurabi is a testament to the advanced nature of the Babylonian civilization and their commitment to maintaining order and justice within their society.
The inscriptions on the stone represent a crucial milestone in the development of legal systems, showcasing the shift from informal customs and traditions to formalized, written laws that could be enforced by a central authority.
The code is known for its "eye for an eye" principle, which emphasizes proportionate punishments for crimes and ensures that justice is served fairly.
As an important historical artifact, the Code of Hammurabi offers valuable insights into the social, political, and economic structures of ancient Babylon, illustrating the evolution of human governance and law. Its existence demonstrates the early recognition of the need for a structured legal system to promote stability, fairness, and a sense of community within a rapidly advancing civilization.
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In his famous letter Travis wrote "I shall never _________________ or _________________... VICTORY or DEATH".
In the famous letter written by William B. Travis during the Battle of the Alamo, he stated, "I shall never surrender or retreat... VICTORY or DEATH."
The terms "surrender" and "retreat" reflect Travis's determination and commitment to fight for the cause of Texas independence, even if it meant facing death.
Travis wrote this letter on February 24, 1836, while he and the other Texan defenders were surrounded by Mexican forces led by General Santa Anna. The letter was a call for reinforcements and a rallying cry for the people of Texas. Travis made it clear that he would not give up, and that victory was the only acceptable outcome.
In the letter, Travis emphasized the urgency of the situation by describing the enemy's numbers and their firepower. He also highlighted the importance of the Alamo as a strategic location, making it essential for the Texan forces to hold their ground.
Despite the desperate situation, Travis expressed his unwavering resolve to stand firm and face the enemy with courage. His words, "VICTORY or DEATH," became a symbol of the Texas Revolution and continue to inspire people today.
In conclusion, William B. Travis's famous letter includes the terms "surrender" and "retreat" to communicate his determination to fight until the end.
His powerful statement, "I shall never surrender or retreat... VICTORY or DEATH," serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by the Texan defenders at the Battle of the Alamo and their dedication to the cause of independence.
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why did american consumption expand so dramatically in the 1950s, and what aspects of society and culture did it influence?
The expansion of American consumption in the 1950s can be attributed to several factors, including the post-World War II economic boom, increased availability of consumer goods, and the emergence of a new consumer culture.
The end of the war brought about a surge in production, as factories that had been used for wartime purposes shifted their focus to producing goods for the civilian market. This led to a wider variety of goods becoming available to consumers, including household appliances, cars, and televisions.
Additionally, the rise of consumerism was fueled by a growing middle class, who had more disposable income to spend on non-essential goods. Advertisements and marketing campaigns played a significant role in promoting the idea of consumerism as a symbol of success and status.
The expansion of American consumption had a significant influence on society and culture. It led to increased emphasis on materialism, consumerism, and individualism, as well as a shift away from traditional values and a greater focus on personal pleasure and gratification. It also contributed to the growth of suburbanization and the spread of mass media, which further promoted consumer culture.
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What significant events occurred during Immigration Reform?
The significant events that occurred during Immigration Reform was that the employer were been instructed to attest to their employees' immigration status .
What was the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986?The act can be seen as one that instructed the required employers to attest to their employees' immigration status so that it will become illegal to hire or recruit unauthorized immigrants even though they know that he or she is noty authorized.
It should be noted that the Immigration Act of 1924 were able to reduce the immigrants allowed entry into the United States and this quota briong about the immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people nin the country.
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What 2 Alamo defenders made the original decision to try and hold the Alamo?
The two Alamo defenders who made the original decision to try and hold the Alamo were Colonel James Bowie and Lieutenant Colonel William B. Travis. Both men were important in the Texas Revolution and played a crucial part in the Battle of the Alamo.
Colonel James Bowie was a renowned frontiersman and leader of volunteer forces in Texas. He was known for his legendary knife-fighting skills and had a strong reputation among the Texans. Lieutenant Colonel William B. Travis was a young lawyer and militia officer who was appointed as the regular army commander of the Texian forces in the area.
In February 1836, both Bowie and Travis decided to make a stand at the Alamo, a former Franciscan mission that had been converted into a makeshift fort. They believed that by holding the Alamo, they could slow down the advance of the Mexican forces led by General Antonio López de Santa Anna and buy time for the Texian army to regroup and gather reinforcements.
The decision to hold the Alamo was made despite the overwhelming odds against them. They faced a Mexican army of approximately 1,800 soldiers while their own forces numbered around 200. The defenders were also short on supplies, ammunition, and reinforcements.
Despite these disadvantages, both Bowie and Travis displayed great courage and resolve in leading their men and holding the Alamo for 13 days before ultimately being overrun by the Mexican forces. Their actions at the Alamo have become a symbol of heroism and sacrifice in the fight for Texas independence.
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Why were cuba and the philippines denied true freedom by america in 1898
In the year 1898, the US acquired Cuba and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.
Spanish-American War despite making promises of true freedom for both countries, America chose instead to install puppet governments in each territory and maintained a strong presence in Cuba until 1902 and in the Philippines until 1946.
This allowed American companies to do business with little to no interference from local governments, but ultimately denied Cuba and the Philippines any real autonomy as nations. The US also used oppressive tactics such as torture and executions to maintain control over their respective populations.
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When Nixon resigned how did he avoid going to jail?
Richard Nixon resigned from his position on August 8, 1974, he avoided going to jail he was granted a full and unconditional pardon by his successor, President Gerald Ford on September 8, 1974.
Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, he resigned, in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office.
One of the primary reasons for his resignation was his involvement in the Watergate scandal, which had been uncovered by investigative journalists and led to multiple criminal charges against members of his administration.
After his resignation, Nixon faced the possibility of criminal prosecution for his involvement in the Watergate cover-up, as well as other potential charges related to his time in office. However, he was never formally charged or sent to jail.
There are several reasons why Nixon was able to avoid going to jail. The pardon granted by President Gerald Ford absolved Nixon of any criminal liability for his actions while in office, including his involvement in the Watergate scandal.
Another factor that helped Nixon avoid jail time was the fact that many of the other individuals involved in Watergate and other potential criminal activities were themselves granted immunity in exchange for their cooperation with prosecutors.
This made it more difficult to build a case against Nixon, as many of his former colleagues and aides had already been immunized.
Finally, there may have been political considerations at play as well. Nixon's resignation and pardon were both controversial, and there may have been concerns that prosecuting him would be seen as overly vindictive or divisive, particularly given the ongoing tensions and divisions in the country at the time.
In summary, Nixon was able to avoid going to jail primarily due to the presidential pardon he received from Gerald Ford, as well as the immunity granted to many of his former colleagues and aides who could have provided evidence against him.
Political considerations may also have played a role in the decision not to pursue criminal charges against him.
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The Belmont Report, issued in 1979, identified the following three ethical principles
The Belmont Report, issued in 1979, identified the following three ethical principles for the protection of human subjects in research is Respect for persons, Beneficence and Justice.
The three ethical principles of the Belmont Report are
Justice is the principle requires that the selection of research participants is fair, and that the benefits and burdens of research are distributed equitably.
Respect for persons is the principle requires that individuals be treated as autonomous agents and that those with diminished autonomy be protected. It also requires obtaining informed consent from research participants.
Beneficence, this principle requires that research maximize benefits and minimize harms to the research participants.
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All of the following features are typically found in an Early Christian basilica EXCEPT a A. wooden roofB. longitudinal naveC. groin vaultD. large clerestory
All of the following features are typically found in an Early Christian basilica except a groin vault. The correct answer is C.
Early Christian basilicas were large, rectangular buildings that were used for religious and civic purposes.
They were based on the architectural style of ancient Roman public buildings and were typically characterized by their longitudinal nave, which was flanked by two or more aisles.
The nave was often separated from the aisles by columns, and a semicircular apse was located at one end of the nave.
Early Christian basilicas typically had wooden roofs, which were supported by wooden trusses and covered with tiles or shingles. The roofs were often sloped to allow for rainwater runoff.
Large clerestory windows were also a common feature of Early Christian basilicas. These windows were located high on the walls of the nave and allowed natural light to enter the building.
Groin vaults, on the other hand, are a type of vaulted ceiling that was not typically used in Early Christian basilicas. Groin vaults were more commonly used in Gothic architecture, which emerged several centuries later.
In conclusion, all of the features listed in the question are typically found in an Early Christian basilica except for a groin vault, which was not a common feature of this architectural style.
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Why was Tesla nominated for the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize?
Answer:
Tesla was nominated for the 1912 Nobel Peace Prize for his contributions to the development of alternating current (AC) electrical systems, which made it possible to transmit electricity over long distances with less energy loss compared to direct current (DC) systems. The development of AC electrical systems had a profound impact on society, enabling the widespread distribution of electricity and powering the industrial revolution. Tesla's work on AC electrical systems, including his inventions of the Tesla coil and the transformer, was recognized as a significant contribution to the advancement of science and technology, and thus he was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize. However, he did not ultimately receive the award.
Explanation:
What aspects of the Ottoman society did many Europeans admire?
Many Europeans admired Ottoman society's cultural and artistic achievements, as well as their military and administrative capabilities.
The Ottoman Empire was known for its artistic and cultural achievements, such as impressive architectural works, intricate calligraphy, and sophisticated music. These accomplishments were often admired by European visitors to the empire, who were struck by the beauty and sophistication of Ottoman art.
Additionally, the Ottoman military was renowned for its strength and tactical abilities, and the empire's administrative system was praised for its efficiency and effectiveness. European observers often noted the empire's ability to govern a vast and diverse territory, with a well-organized bureaucracy and a complex legal system.
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Earth's Creation Emily Kame Kngwarreye. Utopia Australia. 1994 C.E. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas.Dump dot technique - using the brush to pound the paint onto the canvas and create layers of colour and movement.
"Earth's Creation" is a significant artwork by Emily Kame Kngwarreye, which showcases the artist's unique technique of dump dot painting and depicts the creation story of her indigenous culture.
Emily Kame Kngwarreye was an indigenous Australian artist from the Utopia community in central Australia. Her artwork "Earth's Creation" is a seminal piece that reflects the creation story of her culture. She used a technique called "dump dot," where she used a brush to pound the paint onto the canvas and create layers of color and movement.
The artwork is an explosion of colors and shapes that represents the creation story of the artist's ancestors. The painting portrays the formation of the earth, its landscapes, and its inhabitants. The use of dots and lines in the painting creates a sense of movement as if the earth is still evolving and changing.
The painting's significance goes beyond its artistic value, as it also serves as a cultural artifact that preserves the history and beliefs of Kngwarreye's indigenous community. The painting's intricate details and vibrant colors make it a masterpiece of contemporary art and a testament to the artist's skills and creativity.
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Complete Question:
Discuss Earth's Creation by Emily Kame Kngwarreye. Utopia Australia. 1994 C.E. Synthetic polymer paint on canvas. Dump dot technique - using the brush to pound the paint onto the canvas and create layers of color and movement.
What was the one main goal of the British in India?a. Get more territoryb. Make moneyc. Help native Indiansd. Convert Indians to Christianity
The one main goal of the British in India was to make money (option b). Initially, the British East India Company arrived in India for trade and commerce, focusing on gaining profits through the exchange of goods and resources.
Over time, the British expanded their control over territories to secure their economic interests, thus establishing a strong presence in India.
The British aimed to exploit the abundant natural resources and labor force available in India to fuel their own industrial revolution back in Britain.
They established a system that allowed them to obtain raw materials like cotton, silk, and spices at a low cost, which were then transported to Britain, manufactured into finished goods, and sold back to India and other markets at a higher price.
While the British did acquire more territories, help native Indians in some areas, and attempt to convert Indians to Christianity to some extent, these were not their main objectives. These actions were primarily motivated by their ultimate goal of making money and maintaining a stronghold in India to safeguard their economic interests.
In summary, the one main goal of the British in India was to make money. Their economic ambitions drove them to expand their control over territories, exploit resources, and engage in trade that would benefit Britain and fuel its industrial growth.
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The one main goal of the British in India was to make money (option b).
During the colonial period, the British East India Company sought to establish control over India's vast resources and markets. They aimed to exploit these resources and trade opportunities to generate wealth for their shareholders and the British government. They established a trade monopoly and imposed high taxes on Indian goods, which they exported to Britain and other countries.
The British East India Company first arrived in India in the early 17th century and began to build factories, forts, and trading posts. They gradually gained control over large territories through treaties, diplomacy, and military force. Although acquiring territory (option a) was a part of their strategy, the primary objective remained to maximize profits.
While they did introduce some administrative and infrastructural improvements, the British were not primarily focused on helping native Indians (option c). Their main interest was in exploiting the resources and maintaining stability for their economic benefit.
Some Christian missionaries accompanied the British to India and attempted to convert Indians to Christianity (option d). However, this was not the primary goal of the British government or the East India Company, and it was a separate activity that took place alongside their economic objectives.
In conclusion, the main goal of the British in India was to make money by establishing a strong economic presence and exploiting the resources and trade opportunities available in the region.
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What were the effects of the rise of global trade network
Answer: Global trade networks promote cultural and political connections, can increase wealth and job opportunities
Explanation:
for american civilians, the revolution group of answer choices resolved prior problems of housing and public health. struck hardest in the rural regions. seldom touched their lives in a threatening way. often caused destruction or confiscation of their property.
For American civilians, the Revolution often caused destruction or confiscation of their property.
What is brief history?
While the Revolution was fought primarily between the American colonists and the British forces, it also involved internal conflicts between Patriots and Loyalists.
These conflicts often led to the confiscation or destruction of property belonging to those who were seen as opposing the Revolution. Additionally, the Revolution disrupted trade and commerce, which could have a negative impact on the economy and the livelihoods of Americans.
While the Revolution may have brought about some positive changes in terms of political freedoms, it also had negative consequences for many Americans, particularly those who had property taken from them or who were negatively impacted by the disruption of the economy.
However, the Revolution did not significantly address the prior problems of housing or public health, and it struck hardest in the rural regions where battles were fought and where property damage and confiscation were more common.
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what were the three most important tasks facing the mormon pioneers once they reached the salt lake valley?lanting, building homes and making friends with the indiansplanting, building homes and exploring the valleyplanting, building stores, setting up a trade postmarrying, building homes, and making friends with the indians
Building homes and exploring the valley planting: most important tasks facing the Mormon pioneers once they reached the salt lake valley.
Emigrants went during this time in both independent groups and organized wagon trains. Additionally, a large number of individuals boarded the wagon trains carrying cargo to Utah. As a more cost-effective mode of transportation, handcart firms were established between 1856 and 1860.
The Mormon pioneers were followers of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), also referred to as Latter-day Saints, who moved from the Midwest to the Salt Lake Valley in what is now the U.S. state of Utah starting in the mid-1840s and continuing into the late 1860s.
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Which European state operated in Siam, only to be expelled in 1688?
The European state that operated in Siam (now known as Thailand) before being expelled in 1688 was France.
King Narai of Siam established diplomatic relations with France in the 17th century and allowed the French to establish a trading post in Bangkok. However, the French attempted to interfere in Siamese politics and religion, which led to tensions with the Siamese court. In 1688, a Siamese revolt led by Phetracha expelled the French and ended their trading post in Siam.
Other European powers, including the Dutch and the British, also had a significant presence in Siam during this time. While France was the only European state to be expelled in 1688, the Siamese court had a complex relationship with multiple European powers and actively sought to balance their influence against one another.
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British took away Indian ____________.a. farmsb. educationc. traditiond. economy
The British took away Indian d. economy.
During the period of British colonization in India, which lasted from 1858 to 1947, the Indian economy underwent significant changes. The British rule impacted the Indian economy in various ways:
1. Exploitation of resources: The British exploited India's natural resources, such as agricultural products, raw materials, and minerals, for their own economic gain. They used these resources to fuel the British industrial revolution and grow their economy.
2. Deindustrialization: The British destroyed the traditional Indian handicrafts and cottage industries by imposing heavy taxes and tariffs on local products, making them uncompetitive in the market. This led to the collapse of many industries and increased unemployment in India.
3. Imposition of British goods: The British promoted their own goods and flooded the Indian market with cheap, mass-produced products. This further weakened the indigenous industries and led to a decline in the Indian economy.
4. Drain of wealth: The British imposed high taxes on the Indian population and used the revenue to fund their administration and military expenses in India. A large portion of this wealth was also transferred to Britain, which further weakened the Indian economy.
5. Neglect of agriculture and infrastructure: The British focused mainly on the commercialization of agriculture, neglecting the development of infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and irrigation systems. This led to a lack of investment in the agricultural sector and made India more vulnerable to famines and food shortages.
In conclusion, the British colonization of India significantly impacted the Indian economy. The exploitation of resources, deindustrialization, imposition of British goods, drain of wealth, and neglect of agriculture and infrastructure all contributed to the weakening of the Indian economy during this period.
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why did european nations face financial challenges after world war i? select two answers. they needed to recruit soldiers for the military.
There were several factors that contributed to the financial challenges faced by European nations after World War I. One major factor was the massive cost of the war, which drained the resources of many nations and left them with huge debts to repay.
Additionally, many nations had to invest heavily in rebuilding their infrastructure and economies, which put further strain on their finances. Another factor was the disruption to trade and commerce caused by the war, which led to a decline in economic activity and reduced revenue for many nations.
Finally, the need to recruit soldiers for the military was also a major financial burden, as many nations had to pay for the training, equipment, and salaries of large numbers of soldiers, which further depleted their resources.
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Why did european nations face financial challenges after world war i? select two answers. they needed to recruit soldiers for the military. they needed to rebuild destroyed infrastructure. they needed to pay higher salaries to workers. they needed to repay money they had borrowed. they needed to finance students’ education.
Answer: B and D
Explanation:
B- They needed to rebuild destroyed infrastructure.
D-They needed to repay money they had borrowed.
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What is the difference between Medieval Period / Dark Ages / Middle ages?
The difference between the Medieval Period, Dark Ages, and Middle Ages lies in the specific timeframes and connotations they represent.
The Medieval Period, also known as the Middle Ages, refers to the time in European history between the fall of the Roman Empire (around 476 AD) and the beginning of the Renaissance (around 14th-15th century). The term "Dark Ages" is a subset of the Middle Ages, typically covering the time from the fall of the Roman Empire to around 1000 AD.
This term has a negative connotation, as it implies a period of cultural, economic, and intellectual decline. However, many historians prefer not to use "Dark Ages" due to its misleading nature, as the period was not entirely "dark" and still had significant achievements.
In summary, the Medieval Period and Middle Ages are synonymous, while the Dark Ages refer to an earlier, more negatively perceived part of the Middle Ages.
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Apollo 11 StonesNambia. c. 25000-25300 B.C.E. Charcoal on stoneThe earliest history of rock painting and engraving arts in Africa. The oldest known of any kind from the African continent.
The Apollo 11 Stones are a collection of stone artifacts that were discovered in Namibia in southern Africa.
The objects, which comprise a variety of gravestone shards and crossbeams, date from around 25,000- 26,000 BCE and are among the oldest known cases of African gemstone art. The monuments are adorned with drawings and watercolor delineations of numerous creatures, including mammoths, giraffes, and zebras. The delineations are allowed to have been made by the San people, who were huntsman- gatherers living in the area at the time.
The Apollo 11 monuments are intriguing because they exfoliate light on the early history of African gemstone oil and drawing chops. They're among the foremost known cases of mortal aesthetic expression on the mainland, inferring that the San held a profound grasp of art and design.
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The apses of the most expensive early Christian basilicas were decorated withA. FrescoB. egg temperaC. mosaicD. oil
The apses of the most expensive early Christian basilicas were decorated with mosaics. The correct answer is C.
Mosaics are made by setting small, colored pieces of stone or glass, called tesserae, into a bed of mortar. Early Christian basilicas were often decorated with intricate and colorful mosaic designs, particularly in the apse, which was a semi-circular recess at the end of the nave.
The mosaics in the apse often depicted religious scenes or figures, such as Christ or Mary, and were meant to inspire awe and reverence in the viewer.
Frescoes and egg tempera were also used to decorate the walls and ceilings of early Christian basilicas, but these techniques were typically used for more secondary or auxiliary spaces.
Frescoes are paintings made on wet plaster, while egg tempera is a painting technique that involves mixing pigment with egg yolk.
Both techniques were used to create colorful and detailed images, but mosaics were often reserved for the most important and impressive spaces of the basilica.
Oil painting, on the other hand, did not emerge as a significant technique until the Renaissance, several centuries after the heyday of early Christian basilicas.
While oil painting was eventually used to create some of the greatest masterpieces of Western art, it was not a technique that was used in the decoration of early Christian basilicas.
In conclusion, the apses of the most expensive early Christian basilicas were decorated with mosaics, which were an intricate and colorful form of art that depicted religious scenes and figures.
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