Copious vaginal discharge that is malodorous, squamous cells, and rare PMNs =

It is most important for women who are at risk for cervical cancer to understand the importance of an annual Pap test.

Which group of people must do the annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test?

It is most important for the client to understand the importance of an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test in the group of sexually active women and those aged 21 to 65 years. This is because Pap tests play a crucial role in the early detection of cervical cancer, allowing for timely diagnosis, identification of symptoms, and appropriate treatment, ultimately improving the chances of successful outcomes.

This includes women who have a family history of cervical cancer, those who have been diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV), and those who have experienced symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain. Early diagnosis through regular Pap tests can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on the stage and type of cancer.

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Health promotion refers to the process of empowering individuals and communities to take control of their health and well-being through education, prevention, and early detection of health issues.

For middle adults, defined as individuals aged 35-65 years, health screenings are an important component of health promotion.

Common health screenings for middle adults include blood pressure checks, cholesterol testa, and cancer screenings such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and prostate exams. These screenings can help identify potential health issues early, when they are most treatable, and can also provide an opportunity for health education and disease prevention.

In addition to screenings, health promotion for middle adults may also include lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, healthy eating, stress management, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption.

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Up to 20% of pregnancies are thought to terminate in miscarriage, while the true number may be greater because of cases that go unreported or undiagnosed.

The age of the mother, her medical history, and her lifestyle choices are some of the variables that might affect the risk of early pregnancy loss.

One of the most important variables influencing the rate of early pregnancy loss is the maternal age. Compared to younger women, women over 35 have a greater chance of miscarriage.

This is due to the increased likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in older women's eggs, which might result in miscarriage.

Other factors that can increase the risk of miscarriage include a history of previous miscarriage, certain medical conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or thyroid disorders, & lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol use, & obesity.

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The causes of axis deviation can be due to normal variations or pathological conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, bundle branch blocks, congenital heart defects, and electrolyte imbalances.

The causes of axis deviation can be categorized into normal variations and pathological conditions. Normal variations are usually harmless, while pathological conditions may indicate a health issue that needs attention. These can be explained further:
1. Normal variations: These can be due to factors such as age, body position, or genetic predisposition. For example, as people age, their hearts may shift slightly, leading to a change in the axis.
2. Pathological conditions: These can result from various health problems. Some common causes of axis deviation include:
  a. Cardiac hypertrophy: An enlarged heart can cause the electrical axis to deviate. This is often seen in conditions like hypertension or heart valve disorders.
  b. Myocardial infarction: A heart attack can damage the heart muscle and disrupt the normal electrical pathway, causing the axis to deviate.
  c. Bundle branch blocks: These occur when the electrical signal in the heart is delayed or blocked, causing the axis to deviate.
  d. Congenital heart defects: Some people are born with heart defects that cause the electrical axis to deviate.
  e. Electrolyte imbalances: Imbalances in the levels of electrolytes like potassium or calcium can affect the electrical conduction in the heart and lead to axis deviation.

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Health promotion (injury prevention-falls) for infants refers to the proactive measures and strategies implemented to maintain and enhance the health of infants while reducing the risk of fall-related injuries during their first year of life.

These measures often involve educating parents and caregivers on creating safe environments and ensuring proper supervision. Steps to promote health and prevent falls for infants (birth-1 year) include:

1. Always keep a hand on the infant while changing their diaper or clothing on elevated surfaces, such as a changing table.

2. Avoid placing the infant on high surfaces like beds, sofas, or countertops without close supervision, as they may roll off unexpectedly.

3. Install safety gates at the top and bottom of staircases to prevent infants from accidentally falling down the stairs.

4. Ensure that the infant's crib is free from any loose bedding, toys, or pillows, which can pose a fall hazard as the baby becomes more mobile.
5. Regularly check that the crib's safety features are functioning correctly, such as properly adjusted mattress height and secure rails.
6. Utilize safety straps in high chairs, strollers, and car seats to keep the infant secure and minimize the risk of falls.
7. Provide a safe play area on the floor for the infant, free from any trip or fall hazards.
8. Educate caregivers and siblings about the importance of safety around infants and the potential risks of falls.
By implementing these strategies, health promotion and injury prevention for infants can effectively reduce the risk of fall-related injuries during their first year of life.

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Expected age-appropriate activities for toddlers (1-3 years) include activities that encourage their physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.

Some examples of such activities are:

1. Physical activities: Toddlers at this age love to run, jump, climb, and explore their surroundings. You can set up a small indoor or outdoor obstacle course, play games like "Simon Says," or encourage them to dance to their favorite music.

2. Cognitive activities: Toddlers are eager to learn and explore the world around them. You can encourage their cognitive development by reading books, singing nursery rhymes, playing with puzzles or building blocks, or introducing them to simple cause-and-effect toys.

3. Social activities: At this age, toddlers are learning how to interact with others and are developing their social skills. You can organize playdates, take them to the park, or enroll them in a toddler group to help them develop their social skills.

4. Emotional activities: Toddlers are also developing their emotional skills at this age. You can help them by teaching them to identify their emotions, offering comfort and support when they need it, and encouraging them to express their feelings through art or music.

Overall, the key is to provide a safe and stimulating environment that encourages their development while also being fun and engaging.

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During the school-age years, which typically occur between the ages of 6 and 12, children are expected to develop their psychosocial and moral skills through a variety of experiences and interactions. This includes gaining a sense of competence, comprehending and putting moral principles into practice, creating relationships with peers, adhering to social norms, and developing moral thinking.

During the school-age period (6-12 years), children's psychosocial and moral development typically involves:
1. Developing a sense of competence: As children engage in various activities, they learn to master skills and build a sense of confidence in their abilities.
2. Understanding and applying moral values: School-age children begin to understand concepts such as right and wrong, fairness, and empathy. They also start to apply these values in their interactions with others.
3. Peer relationships: Developing and maintaining friendships become increasingly important for school-age children. These relationships play a crucial role in their social development and moral understanding.
4. Conforming to social norms: Children learn to conform to social norms and expectations as they interact with their peers and adults, which further influences their moral development.
5. Expanding moral reasoning: As children's cognitive abilities grow, they can understand more complex moral dilemmas and reasoning, moving from simple obedience to understanding the rationale behind rules and moral principles.

In summary, the expected psychosocial and moral development of school-age children (6-12 years) involves developing a sense of competence, understanding and applying moral values, forming peer relationships, conforming to social norms, and expanding moral reasoning.

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The nursing intervention that the nurse should implement when administering an intramuscular injection using the Z-track technique is to pull the skin laterally before inserting the needle into the muscle.

This technique helps to prevent leakage of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue, which can cause skin irritation and discoloration. The Z-track technique involves pulling the skin and underlying tissues to the side before injecting the medication, and then releasing the skin once the needle has been withdrawn.

This creates a zig-zag path for the medication to follow, which helps to seal the injection site and prevent the medication from leaking out. This technique is often used for medications that can cause irritation or staining of the skin, or that need to be absorbed slowly and steadily over time. Proper technique is important for patient comfort and safety.

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C) Draw a single line through the error and initial it. is the correct answer because:

It is important to make corrections to errors in a way that still allows the original information to be read and understood. Simply erasing or leaving a blank space can be confusing, and rewriting the entire note is unnecessary. Drawing a single line through the error and initialling shows that the mistake was acknowledged and corrected while still maintaining the integrity of the original recording. This approach maintains the integrity of the record, allows for accountability, and ensures the mistake is acknowledged and corrected in a professional manner. Hence C) is the correct answer.

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Answer:INHALATION ROUTE

Explanation:

The portion of the nephron most likely malfunctioning in a patient with large amounts of protein in the urine is the glomerulus, option C is correct.

The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron that filters blood to form urine. It consists of a network of capillaries with small pores that allow small molecules such as water, electrolytes, and waste products to pass through while retaining larger molecules such as proteins in the bloodstream.

If the glomerulus is damaged, the pores may become larger, allowing proteins to pass through and enter the urine. This condition is called proteinuria and is a sign of kidney dysfunction or disease, option C is correct.

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If testing the brachioradialis deep tendon reflex (DTR), you are testing the nerve root C5 and C6.

The brachioradialis muscle is innervated by the radial nerve, which arises from the nerve roots C5 to T1. However, the brachioradialis DTR specifically tests the C5 and C6 nerve roots, which supply the muscle. The reflex is elicited by tapping the brachioradialis tendon at the lateral aspect of the elbow, and a normal response is the flexion of the forearm. Abnormal reflexes may indicate neurological pathology or injury to the nerve roots or the associated spinal cord segments.

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Health promotion (injury prevention-MVA) for infants (birth-1 year) refers to the strategies and actions taken to prevent or reduce the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVA) involving infants.

This includes educating parents and caregivers on proper safety measures and promoting the use of appropriate safety devices to protect infants during car rides.
Some steps for health promotion in injury prevention for infants related to MVA are:-
1. Always use a rear-facing car seat: For infants (birth-1 year), a rear-facing car seat provides the best protection in the event of an MVA.
2. Install the car seat correctly: Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper installation, ensuring that the car seat is securely fastened and adjusted correctly.
3. Position the car seat in the back seat: Infants should always be placed in the back seat of the car, preferably in the middle, to reduce the risk of injury in case of a side-impact collision.
4. Check the harness straps: Make sure the straps are snug and lie flat across the child's chest and shoulders, with the chest clip at armpit level.
5. Avoid placing heavy or loose objects in the car: These can become dangerous projectiles in the event of a sudden stop or crash.
6. Never leave an infant unattended in a car: Besides the risk of heatstroke, there is also the danger of a potential carjacking or theft with the infant still inside.
By following these steps and promoting safe practices, health promotion (injury prevention-MVA) for infants (birth-1 year) can be effectively achieved, ensuring their safety and well-being during car rides.

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The brain scan that measures the level of glucose in active brain regions is called a positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

In a PET scan of the brain, the tracer used is usually a form of glucose that has been labeled with a radioactive molecule. This is because active brain regions require glucose for energy, and by measuring the uptake of this glucose tracer, doctors can get an idea of which areas of the brain are more active than others.

During a PET scan, the patient will receive an injection of the glucose tracer and then lie down on a table while a special camera takes pictures of the brain. The images produced can help doctors diagnose and track the progression of certain neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease, and can also be used to plan and monitor the effectiveness of treatments for these conditions.

Overall, The brain scan that measures the level of glucose in active brain regions is called a positron emission tomography (PET) scan.

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When teaching a client with advanced breast cancer about tamoxifen, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting any adverse reactions like the development of blood clots immediately.

One particular adverse reaction that the nurse should mention is the development of blood clots, which can occur with tamoxifen use. This is especially important as blood clots can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. Other potential adverse reactions include hot flashes, vaginal discharge or bleeding, and changes in menstrual periods. Some other serious adverse reactions are stroke or endometrial or uterine cancer. The nurse should also encourage the client to attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor for any potential side effects.

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Sliding scale insulin coverage is typically prescribed for clients with diabetes mellitus to help manage their blood glucose levels. This type of insulin coverage involves adjusting the dose of insulin based on the client's current blood glucose level.

In the case of the client who has been admitted with new-onset diabetes mellitus and is prescribed a diabetic diet and insulin, the sliding scale insulin coverage is likely prescribed to help manage their blood glucose levels in response to fluctuations caused by changes in their diet or physical activity.

The long-acting insulin prescribed every morning just before breakfast is likely a basal insulin that helps provide a steady level of insulin throughout the day. However, this type of insulin may not be sufficient to control blood glucose levels during periods of increased insulin resistance or changes in diet or physical activity.

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According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, people must have advanced cognitive abilities and be able to think abstractly and logically in order to reason at the post-conventional level.

At this level, individuals are able to see beyond their own personal interests and societal norms, and they begin to question and critically evaluate these norms based on universal ethical principles. They are able to understand that moral principles are not simply a matter of following rules or obeying authority, but are rooted in fundamental human rights and dignity.

To reason at the post-conventional level, people must also possess a strong sense of empathy and an ability to take multiple perspectives. They are able to understand the perspectives and values of others and are able to apply this understanding to their own moral reasoning.

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In both Sigmund Freud's and Erik Erikson's psychosocial hypothesis of improvement, the early childhood period may be a time of critical mental development and advancement.

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual hypothesis of improvement and Erik Erikson's psychosocial hypothesis of improvement share a few similitudes, but they too have a few noteworthy contrasts. 

In Freud's theory, the stage that is most closely related to Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage is the phallic stage, which occurs from approximately three to six years of age.

Amid the phallic organize, children get to be curious about their possess bodies and find that they have distinctive genitalia than the inverse sex.

 According to Freud, during this stage, children also develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent, known as the Oedipus or Electra complex.

Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage also occurs during the same period as the phallic stage, and it emphasizes children's growing sense of initiative in taking on new challenges and responsibilities.

This arrangement is characterized by the advancement of a sense of reason and the capacity to start and total assignments, as well as sentiments of blame that will emerge in case children feel they have violated their boundaries or acted improperly.

In both theories, the early childhood period may be a time of critical mental development and advancement, and it is stamped by critical changes in children's connections with themselves and others. 

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Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, specifically cortisol and aldosterone. The expected acid/base state in Addison's disease is metabolic acidosis.

Metabolic acidosis occurs in Addison's disease because of the following reasons:

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The valley or ravine method, also known as a sanitary landfill, involves burying solid waste in a designated area of land. This method is designed to contain and control the waste in a way that minimizes harm to the environment and public health.

The valley or ravine method typically involves digging a large hole or trench in the ground, which is then lined with impermeable materials such as clay or plastic to prevent waste from seeping into the surrounding soil and groundwater. The waste is then compacted and covered with additional layers of soil and other materials to further contain it.

One of the main advantages of the valley or ravine method is that it is relatively low cost and easy to implement. It is also effective at reducing the amount of waste that is left exposed, which can attract pests and create unpleasant odors. However, there are also some concerns about the long-term environmental impact of this method, particularly with regards to groundwater contamination and the release of greenhouse gases. The process is as follows:

1. Selection: Choose a suitable valley or ravine with adequate depth and space to accommodate waste materials.
2. Preparation: Clear the area of vegetation and create a base layer of compacted soil or clay to prevent leachate (contaminated liquid from waste) from seeping into the ground.
3. Waste disposal: Begin filling the valley or ravine with waste materials, compacting the waste in layers to minimize air pockets and increase the landfill's capacity.
4. Covering: After each layer of waste is added, cover it with a layer of soil to control odors, reduce the risk of fires, and minimize the attraction of rodents and pests.
5. Monitoring: Regularly monitor the landfill for potential environmental hazards, such as groundwater contamination, gas emissions, and surface runoff.
6. Closure: Once the landfill reaches capacity, cover the final layer of waste with a thick layer of soil and/or an impermeable membrane to seal the landfill.
7. Post-closure: Continue monitoring the closed landfill to ensure its ongoing environmental safety and maintenance.

The valley or ravine method is used because it takes advantage of natural land formations, reducing the need for excavation and construction. This method is also effective in controlling pollution and minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment, as it allows for proper waste containment, management, and monitoring.

Overall, the valley or ravine method is a widely used method for managing solid waste, but it is important to carefully consider its potential impacts and limitations before implementing it.

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Large basophilic cells with vacuolated appearance may refer to either plasma cells or histiocytes/macrophages.

In some cases, plasma cells may show a vacuolated appearance due to the presence of abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and Golgi apparatus, which are involved in the production and secretion of immunoglobulins. These cells are typically positive for CD138 and immunoglobulin markers on immunohistochemistry.

On the other hand, histiocytes/macrophages may also show vacuolation due to the presence of phagocytosed material or lipid accumulation. These cells may also be positive for CD68 on immunohistochemistry, which is a marker for macrophages/histiocytes.

Further evaluation through immunohistochemistry or electron microscopy may be necessary to differentiate between the two types of cells.

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An increase in fibronogen split product indicates the activation of the coagulation system and the breakdown of fibrinogen into smaller fragments.

This can occur in conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. It may also be elevated in certain cancers and inflammatory conditions. It is important to note that an increase in fibronogen split product alone is not diagnostic of any specific condition and must be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings. An increase in fibrinogen split products indicates that there is an ongoing activation of the coagulation system, which leads to the formation and subsequent breakdown of fibrin clots. This could be suggestive of conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolism (PE).

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Intracranial calcifications that resemble a tramline are typically associated with a medical condition called Fahr's syndrome.

Fahr's syndrome is a rare, genetically inherited neurological disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium deposits in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex of the brain. These calcifications can be seen on imaging studies, such as CT scans, and can appear as dense, linear, or tramline-like structures. The calcifications in Fahr's syndrome can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, movement disorders, and psychiatric symptoms.

Fahr's syndrome can also be associated with other medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and Wilson's disease. Treatment of Fahr's syndrome is typically focused on managing the associated symptoms and addressing any underlying medical conditions.

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The action that takes priority in the care of a client receiving enteral feedings through a feeding tube is ensuring the correct placement of the feeding tube before administering the feedings. A nurse should verify the tube placement and follow the facility's protocol for the safe administration of enteral feedings.

In this instance, the nurse's focus should be to ensure that enteral feedings are administered correctly through the feeding tube. The nurse should keep an eye on the tube placement and verify that the feeding is done at the proper rate and amount. Furthermore, the nurse should check the client's tolerance to the feeding and intervene if any difficulties, such as nausea or vomiting, emerge a nurse should check the tube placement and follow the facility's protocol for safe enteral feeding administration. Overall, the nurse's priority should be to provide safe and successful enteral feedings in order to improve the client's nutrition and overall health. This is critical to avoid issues such as aspiration and to ensure that the client receives the appropriate nutrition. A nurse should check the tube placement and follow the facility's protocol for safe enteral feeding administration.

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Medical care suppliers genuinely must start prompt therapy for Erysipelas since a serious bacterial disease can directly spread and cause extreme inconveniences.  

Streptococcus pyogenes, a kind of bacteria that causes erysipelas, can enter the skin through even small cuts or breaks, causing a red, swollen, and painful rash.

Assuming left untreated, the contamination can spread to different pieces of the body, causing serious tissue harm, sepsis, and even passing at times. Antibiotic treatment can effectively eliminate the infection, stop the spread of the bacteria, and lower the likelihood of complications.

In addition, the patient's quality of life can be improved and the risk of long-term complications like disfigurement and discomfort associated with the infection can be reduced with prompt treatment. To ensure the best possible outcome for the patient, it is essential for healthcare providers to recognize the symptoms of erysipelas and begin treatment as soon as possible.

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In young adulthood (20-35 years), physical development is largely complete, and individuals typically reach their peak physical performance in terms of strength, endurance, and sensory abilities.

some of the physical development include:

- Muscle strength and endurance typically peak during young adulthood, making this a good time to establish and maintain healthy physical habits, such as regular exercise and good nutrition.

- Physical performance is at its best during this period, with individuals reaching their peak in terms of agility, coordination, and speed.

- Young adults may begin to experience the early signs of age-related physical decline, such as a gradual decrease in bone density and muscle mass, which can lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis and other conditions later in life.

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The most probable code would be 31615, a code reserved for patients under the age of five who require bronchoscopy with diagnostic biopsies of the trachea and bronchi.

If a bronchoscopy was carried out to evaluate the trachea and bronchi and a tissue sample was taken for analysis, this code would be appropriate. The right CPT code will depend on the precise treatment used to treat a 10-month-old child's chronic tracheal inflammation that is making breathing difficult.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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In healthcare system, an artifact is an artificial distortion, or blockage that does not allow one to view the intact anatomy, pathology, or physiology of a living system, mainly detected in the information system.

The three main categories of artifacts include; data objects, annotations, and work groups. The examples od Data objects are; hospital records. Examples of annotations include; image annotation in radiology, and the examples of work groups include; algorithms of diagnosis to save time of the healthcare practitioners.

Therefore based on the above-mentioned information, it can be pointed out that the artifacts also alter the tissues, and anatomy in such a manner to obscure their appearance for studies.

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Mild aminotransferse elevation can sometimes occur as a side effect of isoniazid, a medication used to treat tuberculosis. If the elevation is mild, meaning it is only slightly above the normal range, the usual course of action is to continue the medication and monitor the levels closely. However, if the elevation becomes more significant or is accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain or nausea, the medication may need to be stopped or the dosage adjusted. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best management strategy in this situation.

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The client's high urine output could be a sign of diabetes insipidus, which the nurse should suspect.

Due to an absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a reduced sensitivity to ADH, diabetes insipidus causes the generation of excessive volumes of diluted urine.

Diabetes insipidus may develop in patients who have had a craniotomy as a result of pituitary gland injury or disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Given that fact that the client outputs as much as  1,500 mL the first hour and the same amount for the second hour diabetes insipidus ought to be suspected by the nurse.

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