Directorate - 1. Carolyn House Stewart

The Soviet Critique of Fairy Tales is that they are a harmful influence on the consciousness of the child as they "obscure the materialist picture of the world."

According to the Soviet critique of fairy tales, they no longer want to view money as the prize. Furthermore, it was repeatedly emphasised that fairy tales were nothing more than devices used to obfuscate the materialist view of the world and instill hopes for an idealistic and unrealistic world.

They believed that fairy tales have a negative impact on children's consciousness and teach superstition and mysticism.

This resulted in the entire banning of fairy tales, as well as their banning from children's libraries because it was preferred to be overzealous than careless.

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The primary reasons the magazine industry moved to smaller, more specialized publications in the 1950s

were due to a changing market and the need to cater to specific interests of readers.

1. Competition from television: The 1950s saw a surge in the popularity of television as a new medium for entertainment and news. As television gained more viewership,

the magazine industry had to adapt to this change by focusing on niche markets and creating specialized content to stay relevant and maintain their audience.

2. Targeted advertising: Advertisers were looking for more targeted ways to reach their desired audience.

Smaller, specialized publications provided a better platform for them to reach specific demographics and interests, ensuring that their ads would reach the right people.

3. Diversification of interests: With the post-World War II economic boom, people's interests became more diverse as they had more time and resources for leisure and personal pursuits.

Smaller, specialized publications were able to cater to these specific interests and hobbies, providing readers with content that was relevant and interesting to them.

4. Increasing literacy rates: As more people became literate in the 1950s, there was a growing demand for a variety of reading materials. Smaller,

specialized publications were able to meet this demand by offering content tailored to the interests and preferences of their readers.

In conclusion, the magazine industry's shift to smaller, more specialized publications in the 1950s was primarily driven by the need to adapt to the changing market, cater to theing diversify interests of readers, and provide targeted advertising opportunities for businesses.

This strategy allowed the industry to remain relevant and competitive in the face of emerging media, such as television.

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Yes, the US should've stayed neutral during the second war for so long as they were till recovering from major economic setback at home.

The isolationist mindset that had long characterized American politics and had saturated the country since World conflict I was the root of the US ambivalence towards the conflict.

During the struggle, hundreds of thousands of Americans lost their lives or were injured, and President Woodrow Wilson's idealistic plan to secure a lasting peace via international cooperation and American leadership fell short.

Many Americans thought that being so actively involved on the international scene in 1917 had been a mistake because to how little their efforts had actually achieved.

The majority of Americans continued to hold the belief that the country's interests would be best served by remaining out of international wars and concentrating on issues at home, particularly the catastrophic impacts of the Great Depression.

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The Great Hall of Bulls is most closely related to the Running Horned Woman. Therefore the correct option is option B.

The Great Hall of Bulls is a Palaeolithic cave artwork discovered in southwestern France's Lascaux cave complex. It contains various realistically painted pictures of bulls, horses, and other animals.

The Running Horned Woman is another Palaeolithic cave artwork discovered in Algeria's Tassili n'Ajjer mountain range. It depicts a female figure with outstretched arms and antlers who is accompanied by various creatures.

Both paintings are thought to have been created during the Upper Palaeolithic period (approximately 15,000-10,000 BCE) and are among the earliest instances of human art.  Therefore the correct option is option B.

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Jacob Riis's work produced a sense of middle-class consciousness and solidarity by shedding light on the living conditions of the poor in urban areas.

Through his photography and writing, Riis documented the overcrowded and unsanitary living conditions in tenements, which were often inhabited by immigrants and the working class.

This exposed the social and economic inequality that existed in society, and created a sense of empathy and responsibility among the middle class towards their less fortunate counterparts.

By bringing attention to these issues, Riis helped to create a shared sense of concern and urgency among the middle class, leading to a greater sense of solidarity and social responsibility.

Overall, Riis's work helped to bridge the gap between the middle and working classes, and paved the way for greater social change.

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Answer:

Chinese military

Explanation:

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Answer:

The first use of gunpowder as a military weapon was by the Chinese in the 9th century CE. They discovered the recipe for what became known as black powder which was a mixture of finely ground potassium nitrate (also called saltpetre), charcoal, and sulfur in approximate proportions of 75:15:10 by weight.

SOURCE: https://www.britannica.com/technology/military-technology/The-gunpowder-revolution-c-1300-1650

Explanation:

In about 1870 a census found only one tenements out of 609 to be in decent shape in "the Bend" district of Mulberry Street.

In "the Bend" neighborhood of Mulberry Street, only one tenement out of 609 was found to be in good condition by a census taken around 1870. This indicates that the vast majority of the area's tenement buildings were in poor shape, with insufficient ventilation, lighting, and sanitary facilities.

Riis in the late 19th century documented the awful living conditions of the underprivileged in New York City's tenements. His work contributed to raising awareness of the need for better housing and social welfare policies. The census data he used as evidence for his book shows in stark relief the scope of the issue and the urgent need for action to solve the city's housing crisis.

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As operations in Iraq and Afghanistan wind down, Navy EOP (Expeditionary Operations Program) will shift its primary focus from combat support back to traditional expeditionary operations. Expeditionary operations involve the deployment of naval forces and personnel to carry out a variety of missions, such as humanitarian assistance, disaster relief, and maritime security. These operations require the ability to rapidly deploy and sustain a variety of capabilities, including logistics, communications, and security.

During the height of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, Navy EOP primarily focused on providing combat support, such as building and securing bases, conducting convoy operations, and supporting special operations forces. However, as these operations wind down, the Navy is shifting its focus back to traditional expeditionary operations. This shift is in line with the Navy's broader strategic priorities, which include maintaining a credible presence in key regions, deterring potential adversaries, and responding to crises and contingencies.

In practical terms, this shift will likely involve a greater emphasis on training and readiness for expeditionary operations, as well as investments in the equipment and capabilities needed to support these operations. It may also involve a reallocation of resources and personnel to better support expeditionary missions, as well as closer coordination with other branches of the military and partner nations. Overall, the shift back to traditional expeditionary operations reflects the Navy's ongoing commitment to maintaining its ability to operate in a variety of environments and to respond quickly and effectively to emerging challenges.

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Belisarius, a renowned Byzantine general, played a vital role in expanding the Eastern Roman Empire's territories during the reign of Justinian I.

Belisarius's conquests included North Africa, Italy, and parts of Spain. In North Africa, he defeated the Vandals and established Byzantine control over the region.

He then moved on to Italy and successfully conquered Rome, Ravenna, and other cities, restoring them to the Byzantine Empire. Lastly, Belisarius led an expedition to Spain and captured several cities, including Cartagena and Malaga.

These territories remained under Byzantine control for some time, and Belisarius's successful campaigns helped to solidify the Eastern Roman Empire's power in the Mediterranean world.

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Donald Trump's trade policies with China have been controversial. During his presidency, Trump has imposed billions of dollars in tariffs, which has resulted in the cost imported from China.

China is the world's most populous country with an estimated population of 1.4 billion people. It is located in East Asia, bordered by 14 different countries. China is a single-party socialist country ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. It has the world’s second largest economy, and is a major player in global affairs. China has a long and rich history, stretching back thousands of years. It has seen many dynasties and periods of expansion, as well as periods of decline. It has a deep cultural heritage and is home to some of the world’s most iconic monuments and achievements, such as the Great Wall of China, the terracotta warriors, and the Grand Canal.

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The causes and consequences of European maritime competition from 1648 to 1815 can be attributed to a variety of factors.

The primary cause was the desire for economic expansion, as European nations sought new markets and resources to increase their wealth. The consequences of European maritime competition during this period were both positive and negative

This period saw the rise of powerful trading companies, such as the Dutch East India Company and the British East India Company, which established colonies and trade routes across the globe.

Another cause of competition was the pursuit of political and military power. Nations sought to control strategic locations and establish naval dominance to protect their trade interests and enhance their global influence. This led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Dutch Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.

The consequences of European maritime competition during this period were both positive and negative. On the positive side, it led to the discovery and exploration of new lands, fostering cultural exchanges and the development of global trade networks.

Additionally, technological advancements in shipbuilding, navigation, and cartography were spurred by the need to navigate long distances and engage in naval warfare.

On the negative side, the competition led to colonialism and the exploitation of indigenous populations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas. European powers subjugated these populations, extracting valuable resources, and disrupting local economies and societies.

Furthermore, the intense rivalry between European powers often led to destructive wars, causing loss of life and economic upheaval.

In summary, the causes of European maritime competition from 1648 to 1815 were primarily driven by economic and political motivations. The consequences included increased global trade and technological advancements but also led to colonialism, exploitation, and conflict.

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According to the Sanitary Police report, there were a total of 64 people, including 31 children and 33 adults, living in one tenement house on Crosby Street.

The report highlighted the overcrowded and unsanitary conditions of the living quarters, which were deemed hazardous to the health and well-being of the residents. The tenement house lacked proper ventilation, adequate lighting, and basic hygiene facilities such as toilets and sinks.

Moreover, the report noted that the tenants had limited access to clean water and were exposed to various disease-causing pathogens. The situation was particularly dire for the children, who were at a high risk of contracting infectious diseases due to their weaker immune systems.

The report underscored the urgent need for reforms in housing and sanitation policies to address the plight of the poor and vulnerable populations living in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions.

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The United States stayed out of world politics because the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans shielded it.

The Monroe Doctrine (1823) reaffirmed the United States' policy of not interfering in European matters while asserting its position as the leading power in the Western Hemisphere. The dispute about American involvement in both the Pacific and European theatres of World War II was put to rest by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.

In the years before Pearl Harbor, ties between the United States and Japan had deteriorated. The Second Sino-Japanese War between China and Japan began in 1937 as a result of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and subsequent advance into the Chinese mainland.

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The map shows that the roads and the canals allowed for the transportation of goods and materials through the roads and the canal is the year 1840

By the period of 1840 in history, roads and canals had become very important means of transport.

They helped to move persons and goods over very long distances. They also helped to settle people in new areas especially those that sought for new economic opportunities.

Roads and canals are very important in the growth of trade and in the growth of commerce

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The author of the Theory of Relativity is Albert Einstein. The Theory of Relativity contributed to pessimism in several ways.

First, it challenged the long-standing belief in the absolute nature of time and space. Before the Theory of Relativity, people believed that time and space were fixed and independent of each other. However, Einstein's theory showed that time and space are relative, depending on the observer's position and speed. This new understanding led to a sense of uncertainty and skepticism about the nature of reality.

Second, the Theory of Relativity paved the way for the development of nuclear weapons. The equation E=mc^2, which is derived from the theory, states that energy (E) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light (c) squared. This equation revealed that a small amount of matter could be converted into a large amount of energy. Consequently, it facilitated the development of atomic bombs, which have the potential to cause widespread destruction and human suffering.

Lastly, the Theory of Relativity contributed to pessimism by highlighting the limitations of human knowledge. The complex mathematical formulas and abstract concepts involved in the theory were difficult for many people to grasp, leading them to question their ability to comprehend the universe fully.

In summary, Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity contributed to pessimism by challenging our understanding of time and space, facilitating the development of nuclear weapons, and revealing the limitations of human knowledge.

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The expansion of railroads and steamboats had a profound effect on travel, leading to: more people and goods moving between regions. The correct option is D

This led to increased trade and interaction between different parts of the country. As a result, the economy benefited from the efficient exchange of resources, products, and ideas.

While it might be expected that the cost of transportation from coast to coast would increase (Effect A), the competition between different transportation companies and the increased efficiency actually led to a decrease in transportation costs over time. This made it more accessible for people to travel and relocate.

The expansion of railroads and steamboats did not lead to a significant growth in dependence on international commerce (Effect B). Although trade with other countries increased, the main impact was on domestic transportation and trade.

Finally, the improved transportation system made it easier for settlers to move west (contrary to Effect C). This facilitated westward expansion and the development of new settlements, as people were attracted by the opportunities for economic growth and better living conditions in the western regions.

In summary, the expansion of railroads and steamboats had a profound effect on travel, leading to more people and goods moving between regions, which in turn boosted the economy and facilitated westward expansion.

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The battle for Algerian independence from France was so violent because it was a prolonged and brutal conflict that lasted for eight years, from 1954 to 1962.

The Algerian Revolution was characterized by widespread acts of terrorism, guerrilla warfare, and atrocities committed by both sides. The French used extreme measures to suppress the insurgency, including torture, mass killings, and forced displacement of Algerian civilians.

The FLN, the Algerian nationalist movement, also resorted to violent tactics, such as bombings and assassinations, in their struggle for independence.

The struggle for independence was further complicated by the involvement of various factions and external powers, such as the Soviet Union and the United States, who supported different sides in the conflict.

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In 1862, the mortality rate for children under 1 in Gotham Court is not readily available, as Gotham Court is a fictional location. However, if you are referring to infant mortality rates during the 1860s in general, they were significantly higher than today, with estimates ranging between 150-200 deaths per 1,000 live births in many countries.

Children under the age of five are considered to be considered as having a child. The child mortality rate, commonly known as the under-five mortality rate, is the likelihood of passing away between birth and the age of five, represented as a percentage per 1,000 live births.

Neonatal and infant mortality are included in it. In the past 40 years, there has been a decline in child mortality rates. While 12.6 million children under the age of five died in 1990, that figure dropped to 5.6 million in 2016, and then again to 5 million in 2020.

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The group of men Richard Nixon formed to stop information leaks during his presidency was commonly known as the "Plumbers."

The Plumbers were a covert White House Special Investigations Unit (SIU) that was established in response to Nixon's growing paranoia about leaks of sensitive information to the press.

The group was initially formed in 1971 and was headed by Nixon's special counsel, Charles Colson, and White House aide, Egil Krogh.

The Plumbers' primary role was to investigate and prevent leaks of classified information to the media, particularly related to the Vietnam War and Nixon's political opponents.

They were responsible for carrying out illegal activities, including wiretapping, burglary, and illegal surveillance, in an effort to identify and punish those responsible for leaking sensitive information.

They were also involved in other illegal activities such as forging documents, breaking into offices, and planting bugs in order to gather information on political opponents.

The Plumbers' most notorious operation was the break-in at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington D.C. in June 1972.

The break-in was carried out by members of the Plumbers and led to a scandal that ultimately led to Nixon's resignation in August 1974.

In conclusion, the Plumbers were a group of men formed by Richard Nixon to stop information leaks during his presidency.

They were responsible for carrying out illegal activities in an effort to prevent the leak of sensitive information, and their actions ultimately led to the Watergate scandal and Nixon's downfall.

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In response to the expansion of world capitalism in New Guinea, the people of the region combined aboriginal and Christian beliefs.

As colonial powers expanded into New Guinea and brought with them Western capitalism, many indigenous communities in the region sought ways to reconcile their traditional beliefs with the new economic and cultural influences. One way that they did this was by combining their ancestral beliefs with Christian practices and beliefs introduced by European missionaries.

This syncretic approach allowed indigenous communities to retain their cultural identity while also adapting to the changing world around them. The blending of traditional and Christian beliefs also facilitated the spread of Christianity in the region, as it became more accessible and relatable to the local population.

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During the Algerian Revolution, there were radical settlers who were European colonizers living in Algeria. These settlers believed in maintaining the French colonial presence in Algeria and resisting Algerian independence at all costs.

They were heavily armed and organized into paramilitary groups that terrorized Algerian villages and fought against the National Liberation Front (FLN) guerrillas. The radical settlers saw themselves as defending their homes and way of life, and viewed the Algerian independence movement as a threat to their existence.

However, their violent tactics and brutal treatment of Algerians only fueled resentment and furthered the FLN's cause. The radical settlers were eventually defeated, and most were forced to leave Algeria after independence was achieved in 1962.

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in the early 1800s, slaves were mainly imported into Georgia from South Carolina. South Carolina was one of the largest slave-importing states in the United States, and it was a major hub for the domestic slave trade during the early 19th century. Therefore, option A is correct.

During the early 1800s, Georgia was already a slave-holding state, and there was no longer any legal importation of slaves into the United States.

However, there were still many slaves being traded within the country, and Georgia received a significant number of slaves from neighboring South Carolina.

South Carolina was known for its large slave population and was a major hub for the domestic slave trade during this time. Slaves were often transported from South Carolina to Georgia and other states through established trade routes.

While Virginia, Maryland, and New York all had significant slave populations during this time, they were not major importers of slaves into Georgia. The domestic slave trade was a brutal and inhumane industry that tore families apart and caused immeasurable suffering for those involved.

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After fulfilling the ideal of manifest destiny and expanding its territory to the Pacific Ocean, the United States shifted from a policy of isolationism to imperialism primarily to find new markets to sell goods and acquire raw materials (option A).

This shift was driven by a need to fuel the growing American economy and maintain its competitive edge on the global stage.

As the United States industrialized, it needed access to new resources and markets for its manufactured goods. Expanding its global influence allowed the country to secure these resources and markets, helping it become a significant player in international trade.

Additionally, the United States wanted to compete with European nations (option D), who were also establishing colonies around the world. By engaging in imperialism, the U.S. could assert its power and influence on a global scale, aligning with the idea of American exceptionalism.

While options B and C may have been secondary motivations, they were not the primary reasons for the shift from isolationism to imperialism. Acquiring new territory to relieve overcrowding in cities (option B) and discovering new technology to improve industrial efficiency (option C) were not the main driving forces behind this policy change.

In summary, the United States shifted from isolationism to imperialism to find new markets to sell goods and acquire raw materials, as well as to compete with European nations by establishing colonies and expanding its global influence.

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One of the main reasons was the strategic location of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The US saw Hawaii as a valuable naval base and a gateway to Asia, which would help them establish and maintain their presence in the region.

Additionally, American business interests had invested heavily in Hawaii's sugar industry, and the annexation would ensure favorable trade policies and protect these investments. The US also saw the annexation as a way to extend their influence and power in the Pacific, particularly in the face of European imperial expansion.
Furthermore, there was a sense of cultural superiority and a belief in the idea of Manifest Destiny, which led the US to believe that it was their duty to spread their culture and values to other parts of the world. The annexation of Hawaii was seen as a way to bring American civilization to a supposedly "inferior" island nation.
Overall, the US annexation of Hawaii was driven by strategic, economic, and cultural motivations that reflected the imperialist ambitions of the United States at the time.

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Last year, 333, or 65.55 percent, of the 508 babies delivered at the Randall's Island Hospital perished. However, only 170 of the 508 were found in the streets, and among them, the mortality rate was substantially higher—if the truth be told, it was probably closer to 90%.

The remainder were delivered in hospitals. It is unsurprising that foundling mortality is so high. Instead, the miracle is that any have survived. The police nursery will very certainly resound with the weak screams of abandoned infants on a stormier night. They frequently arrive from exposure half dead. A police officer discovered an awful wretch attempting to bury one live infant in a small pine casket in an uptown yard.

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George washington's early military setbacks convinced him to opted for a strategy of harassment and attrition, aiming to make the war as costly as possible for the British while avoiding direct confrontation.

George Washington's early military setbacks during the American Revolution were a turning point in his strategic thinking. Prior to these setbacks, he had been advocating for a more traditional style of warfare, which emphasized the importance of engaging the enemy in direct combat.

However, after suffering several defeats and experiencing the difficulties of commanding an untrained and poorly equipped army, he began to rethink his approach.

Rather than continuing to engage the British in frontal combat, which he realized was unlikely to result in a decisive victory, Washington adopted a new strategy of harassment.

This involved avoiding direct confrontation with the British army and instead using hit-and-run tactics to disrupt their supply lines, destroy their fortifications, and wear down their morale.

This approach was successful in making the war as costly as possible for the British and in forcing them to stretch their resources thin.

Washington also considered leading an assault on Canada as a way to gain a strategic advantage in the war. However, he ultimately decided against this plan due to the logistical challenges it posed and the risk of overextending his army.

Finally, seeking a final attempt at reconciliation with the British was also considered by Washington. However, by this point in the war, the colonists had become increasingly committed to the cause of independence and were unlikely to accept anything less.

As a result, Washington abandoned the idea of reconciliation and focused instead on achieving victory on the battlefield.

In conclusion, George Washington's early military setbacks forced him to reevaluate his strategic approach to the American Revolution. Through his experiences, he recognized the importance of using hit-and-run tactics to harass the British and make the war as costly as possible for them.

While he considered other options, such as leading an assault on Canada and seeking reconciliation with the British, he ultimately settled on a strategy of attrition, which was instrumental in securing American independence.

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According to the Atlanta newspaper, the South would never submit to the humiliation and degradation of losing its distinct cultural identity and traditional way of life.

This primarily refers to the preservation of the institution of slavery, which was deeply entrenched in the Southern economy and society.

The newspaper likely conveyed the sentiment that the South would not tolerate any attempts to dismantle slavery or impose Northern values on them. The Southern states believed in the principle of states' rights, arguing that individual states should have the autonomy to decide on matters such as slavery without interference from the federal government.

Furthermore, the South was concerned about the potential loss of political power due to the growing influence of the abolitionist movement in the North. They feared that the degradation of their political standing would further threaten their economic stability, as slavery was crucial to their agricultural-based economy.

In summary, the humiliation and degradation that the South would never submit to involve the loss of their cultural identity, political power, and economic stability, all of which were closely tied to the institution of slavery. They were determined to protect their way of life and resist any attempts to alter or challenge it, ultimately leading to the secession of the Southern states and the outbreak of the Civil War.

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Answer:

Answer is A.

Explanation:

Explanation in the answer

Inspirational songs are the finest way to start the day. It matters because songs can influence one's mood throughout the day.

Music has the power to uplift people's emotions, energize them, or calm and relax them. Music also allows us to feel almost all, if not all, of the emotions we experience in our daily lives.

Music, whether listened to or made, increases blood flow to parts of the brain that generate and regulate emotions. The limbic system, which is involved in mood processing and memory management, "lights" up when we hear music.

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