From 2012 to 2020, nominal gross domestic product (GDP) in the United States increased by 6.5 percent. Does this mean that the U.S. economy actually grew by 6.5 percent during that time period? a. Yes, because that is what nominal GDP measures.b. No, because nominal GDP only considers changes in prices, not population growth. c. No, because that number ignores changes in price levels and population growth.d. No, because nominal GDP only considers population growth, not changes in prices. e. Yes, because nominal GDP takes into account changes in prices and the population.

A $10 increase in depreciation expense will affect the three financial statements in the following ways: Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement

Income Statement: Depreciation expense is a non-cash expense that reduces the net income of a company. An increase in depreciation expense by $10 would reduce the net income by $10. Therefore, the net income would decrease by $10.

Balance Sheet: Depreciation expense is a part of the company's accumulated depreciation, which is deducted from the gross value of assets. An increase in depreciation expense by $10 would increase the accumulated depreciation account by $10. This would reduce the book value of the assets by $10.

Cash Flow Statement: Depreciation expense is added back to the net income in the cash flow statement because it is a non-cash expense. An increase in depreciation expense by $10 would increase the cash flow from operations by $10. Therefore, the cash flow from operations would increase by $10.

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In a statement of cash flows, dividends received by a shareholder should be classified as cash inflows for operating activities.

Operating activities are the cash inflows and outflows related to the primary activities of the business, such as the sale and purchase of goods and services, payment of salaries and wages, payment of taxes, and payment of suppliers. Dividends received by a shareholder are not related to the primary activities of the business but are related to the ownership of shares in the company.Therefore, dividends received by a shareholder are not classified as cash inflows for investing activities or financing activities. Instead, they are classified as cash inflows for operating activities because they represent cash received by the company from its operations.It is important to note that dividends paid by a company to its shareholders are classified as cash outflows for financing activities because they represent cash paid out by the company to its owners.

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Filing warranty claims after the claim period, misredeeming coupons, and making fraudulent returns of merchandise are all examples of unethical and dishonest behavior.

These actions can harm businesses by causing them to lose money and damage their reputation. Misredeeming coupons, for instance, involves using coupons for items that they are not intended for or using expired coupons. This is not only unfair to the business but also affects other customers who may miss out on legitimate coupon deals. Similarly, filing warranty claims after the claim period or making fraudulent returns of merchandise is an abuse of the policies put in place to protect customers.

Such actions not only harm the business financially but also make it difficult for other customers who may have legitimate claims to be taken seriously. It is important for individuals to act with integrity and honesty in their dealings with businesses to maintain a fair and just marketplace.

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Secondary reserves for banks are mainly the bank's liquid securities. The correct option is b.

Secondary reserves, also known as supplemental reserves, are the assets that banks hold in addition to their required reserves. Required reserves are the funds that banks are required to hold by law to ensure that they have enough cash on hand to cover withdrawals and other demands for funds from their customers.

Secondary reserves typically consist of liquid securities such as U.S. Treasury bills, government bonds, and other highly rated bonds that can be easily converted into cash. These securities are considered highly liquid because they can be sold quickly in the open market without a significant loss of value.

The bank's net worth, which represents the difference between its assets and liabilities, is not considered a type of reserve. While a bank's net worth can be used to absorb losses and protect depositors, it is not a liquid asset that can be used to cover short-term funding needs.

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Product utility involves enhancing a product or service to make it more appealing to buyers. It refers to the usefulness or value that a product or service provides to the user.

In order to make a product more appealing to buyers, businesses often enhance the product's utility by improving its design, features, or functionality. For example, a smartphone manufacturer may add new features to their latest model, such as a better camera or longer battery life, to make it more appealing to consumers.

Similarly, a car manufacturer may add new safety features or entertainment options to their vehicles to enhance their utility and make them more attractive to potential buyers. Another way that businesses can enhance a product's utility is by improving its possession utility.

Possession utility refers to the value that a product or service provides through ownership or possession. Businesses can enhance possession utility by improving the packaging, delivery, or customer service associated with the product. For example, a retailer may offer free shipping or easy returns to make it more convenient for customers to purchase and own their products.

By improving both product and possession utility, businesses can make their products more appealing and valuable to buyers, ultimately leading to increased sales and profitability.

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An implied contract cannot be created through a formal contract negotiation and documentation.

An implied contract is an unwritten agreement that is inferred from the actions or conduct of the parties involved. It can be created through an employer's handbooks, policies and practices, non-formal contract negotiation and documentation, or through oral assurances to an employee.

However, a formal contract negotiation and documentation process involves a written agreement that clearly outlines the terms and conditions of the contract. This type of contract is explicit, not implied, and therefore cannot create an implied contract.

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To confirm that the project aligns with the organization's business strategy, benefit analysis is the best tool to use. Benefit analysis assesses the potential benefits that the project will bring to the organization and compares them to the associated costs.

It evaluates whether the project aligns with the organization's goals and strategic objectives and whether the expected benefits justify the investment of resources. Benefit analysis can help the project manager identify potential risks and challenges, and make informed decisions about resource allocation and prioritization. By conducting a benefit analysis, the project manager can confirm that the project aligns with the organization's business strategy and contributes to its long-term success.

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The addition to retained earnings for Griffin's Goat Farm, Inc. is $113,800. This amount represents the portion of the company's net income that is not distributed to shareholders as dividends but instead is kept in the company's reserves for future use.

To determine the addition to retained earnings, we need to first calculate the company's net income, which is the amount left over after deducting all expenses from the total revenue.

Net income = Total revenue - Total expenses

Net income = $676,000 - ($338,000 + $82,000 + $51,000)

Net income = $205,000

Next, we need to calculate the taxes paid by the company.

Taxes = Net income × Tax rate

Taxes = $205,000 × 0.24

Taxes = $49,200

The amount of dividends paid out by the company is irrelevant to the calculation of the addition to retained earnings.

The addition to retained earnings is calculated as follows:

Addition to retained earnings = Net income - Taxes - Dividends

Addition to retained earnings = $205,000 - $49,200 - $42,000

Addition to retained earnings = $113,800

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A cartel is  a formal agreement among firms to collude in order to achieve common objectives such as increasing profits, fixing prices, and reducing output. Option D

Cartels are illegal in many countries, including the United States, as they are considered anti-competitive and can harm consumers.

Cartels can be either overt or covert. Overt cartels are those that are publicly known and operate openly, whereas covert cartels are those that operate secretly and are difficult to detect.

Although cartels are designed to increase profits for the participating firms, they are not always successful. Cartels can break down due to disagreements among members, changes in market conditions, or the entry of new competitors.

Additionally, some firms may cheat on the cartel agreement, producing more than their allotted share or undercutting agreed-upon prices, which can destabilize the cartel and reduce its effectiveness. Option D

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The motivation of a target market to purchase a product can be influenced by the level of importance of the product to the customer. The importance of a product can be determined by how necessary it is to meet the needs or wants of the customer.

For example, a customer who needs a new car to get to work will be more motivated to purchase a car than a customer who has a reliable car and is simply looking for a luxury upgrade. In this case, the importance of the product (a car) is much higher for the customer who needs it for daily transportation, and this will increase their motivation to purchase the product.

Similarly, customers are more motivated to purchase products that are important to their personal values, beliefs, or lifestyle. For example, a customer who values sustainability and eco-friendliness will be more motivated to purchase products that align with those values. In this case, the importance of the product (eco-friendly products) is high for the customer, and this will increase their motivation to purchase those products.

On the other hand, customers may be less motivated to purchase products that are not important to them. For example, a customer who has no interest in fitness may be less motivated to purchase a fitness tracker, even if it is the latest and most advanced model.

In this case, the importance of the product (a fitness tracker) is low for the customer, and this will decrease their motivation to purchase the product.

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The differences between qualifying, certifying, and credentialing is that qualifying is an initial assessment of eligibility, certifying is a formal validation of competence, and credentialing is the comprehensive process of verifying and recognizing an individual's qualifications and professional achievements.

Qualifying refers to the process of assessing an individual's skills, knowledge, or abilities to determine if they meet the minimum requirements or standards for a particular role or activity. This evaluation typically occurs during the initial stages of the application or selection process, and it helps identify eligible candidates for further consideration.

Certifying, on the other hand, involves a more formal and structured process of verifying that an individual has successfully met a specific set of predefined criteria or professional standards. This often includes completing required coursework, passing examinations, or demonstrating practical competencies. Certification is usually granted by a recognized professional organization or accrediting body, and it often requires ongoing professional development to maintain the status.

Credentialing is the overarching process of establishing the qualifications, certifications, and other relevant credentials of an individual, often in a professional context. This may involve a combination of qualifying and certifying activities, as well as evaluating professional experience, education, and other achievements. Credentialing aims to provide assurance that an individual possesses the necessary expertise and competence to perform their job duties effectively and safely. It also serves to protect the public by maintaining high professional standards within a given industry or field.

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The statement "the infinite period dividend discount model (DDM) can be used to value a supernormal growth company" is true. Because the DDM is a valuation method that estimates the value of a stock based on the present value of its expected future dividends. It is particularly useful for companies that exhibit a consistent dividend growth rate.

Supernormal growth companies are those that experience a higher-than-average growth rate for a certain period, followed by a more stable, constant growth rate. To value such companies using the DDM, you would need to apply a two-stage or multi-stage DDM, which accommodates varying growth rates during different time periods.

In the first stage, the DDM calculates the present value of dividends during the supernormal growth period. This is done by discounting the expected dividends to their present value using the required rate of return. In the second stage, the model estimates the value of the stock after the supernormal growth period ends by applying a stable, constant growth rate to dividends. The present value of this terminal value is then calculated and added to the present value of dividends during the supernormal growth period.

By incorporating these two stages, the infinite period DDM can accurately account for the unique characteristics of a supernormal growth company, making it a suitable method for valuing such stocks.

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The expected proceeds from accounts receivable is called Realizable Value. This is determined by taking Accounts Receivable minus the Allowance for Doubtful Accounts.

Accounting is the process of recording, summarizing, analyzing and reporting financial information about an organization. It is done by professionals, who are known as accountants. Accounting involves maintaining books of accounts, balancing accounts, preparing financial statements, analyzing financial information, and presenting financial information to management in order to help them make better decisions. Accounting is an important part of financial management and helps organizations understand their financial position. Accounting information is used to plan, budget, assess performance, and make decisions. Accounting provides information that is useful for internal decision making, auditing, taxation, and other external activities.

Realizable Value is the amount of Accounts Receivable that is expected to be collected on time and in full.

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When bank y presents the check written on bank x for payment, bank x will need to transfer $500 from its reserves to bank y's account in order to fulfill the payment. This will result in a decrease in bank x's required reserves as it no longer holds that $500 in reserve.

On the other hand, bank y will receive $500 from bank x and this amount will be added to its reserves. This increase in reserves will also increase bank y's capacity to lend out money as it will have more funds available.

Overall, the impact on required reserves will depend on the initial reserves held by each bank and the specific regulations governing their reserve requirements. However, the act of payment through the clearing system will result in a transfer of funds and a potential adjustment in the required reserves for each bank involved in the transaction.

It is important to note that banks hold reserves as a buffer against unexpected withdrawals and to meet regulatory requirements. Therefore, managing reserves is a critical part of a bank's operations to ensure they can meet the demands of their customers while maintaining the required levels of reserves to comply with regulations.

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The given statement "one purpose of human resource planning is to help reduce costs by helping managers respond to shortages and surpluses of human resources at a moment's notice" is True because human resource team help the manage or management.

The human resource is the main part of the organization or company, it is performed as role from the hiring new candidate to help the manager to management their role and work in the company.

That's why, the given statement is correct or true about the one purpose of human resource planning is to help reduce costs.

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The current yield for a bond that has a 6.5% coupon rate and is selling for $1,250 is option b. 5.2%. Current yield is a ratio that calculates the yearly profit an investor makes on a security, like a bond or stock, as a percentage of the security's market value.

First, we need to calculate the annual interest payment. Since the coupon rate is paid semiannually, we need to divide it by 2 to get the semiannual coupon rate: 6.5% / 2 = 3.25%. Then, we need to calculate the semiannual interest payment by multiplying the semiannual coupon rate by the face value of the bond: 3.25% x $1,000 = $32.50.

Since there are two semiannual interest payments per year, the annual interest payment is twice the semiannual payment: $32.50 x 2 = $65.

Now we can calculate the current yield by dividing the annual interest payment by the market price of the bond: $65 / $1,250 = 0.052, or 5.2%. Therefore, the correct answer is b. 5.2%.

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Labor costs that can be easily and conveniently traced to specific products are direct labor costs.

Direct labor costs refer to the expenses associated with the workers who directly contribute to the production of goods or services. Direct labor costs are those labor costs that can be easily traced to specific products, as they are incurred directly in the production process of the product. These costs include the wages, salaries, and benefits of workers who are directly involved in the production of goods or services, such as machine operators, assembly line workers, and production supervisors.

In contrast, indirect labor costs are those labor costs that are not directly associated with the production of a specific product, such as the salaries of managers, maintenance workers, and security personnel. These costs are typically classified as part of manufacturing overhead or general and administrative expenses.

This can be easily and conveniently traced to specific products because they are incurred directly in the production process of the product. For example, the wages of assembly line workers who are assembling a specific product can be directly traced to that product.

This are typically included in the calculation of the cost of goods sold, along with other variable costs such as direct materials and manufacturing overhead. By adding up these costs, managers can determine the total cost of producing a product, which can then be used to calculate the gross margin and net profit of the company.

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1)False.
2)C) Productive Efficiency.
3)True.
4)Monopolies achieve allocative efficiency because C) They produce where

5)marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost.
True.


A monopoly refers to a market structure in which a single firm dominates the entire market, often due to barriers to entry such as patents, control of critical resources, or high startup costs. This gives the firm significant pricing power and the ability to restrict output to maximize profits, resulting in reduced consumer surplus and potential market inefficiencies. Monopolies are generally seen as harmful to the economy and consumer welfare, as they often charge higher prices and restrict output compared to competitive markets. To regulate monopolies, governments may use antitrust laws to promote competition, impose price controls, or even break up monopolies into smaller firms to increase market competition

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The statement "If the Bank of Canada conducts open market purchases, this may end up hurting Canada's export industries" is TRUE.

Open market purchases involve the central bank buying government securities from commercial banks, which increases the reserves of the commercial banks and therefore their ability to lend. This can lead to an increase in the money supply, which may cause the domestic currency to appreciate. A stronger domestic currency makes exports more expensive for foreign buyers, which can hurt a country's export industries.

Regarding the second statement, if real GDP grows by 2% and the money supply grows by 4%, and the economy enters a period of hyperinflation, the growth in the price level (i.e., the inflation rate) will be greater than 2%. Hyperinflation is typically defined as an inflation rate of more than 50% per month, and it is associated with a rapid increase in the price level due to excessive growth in the money supply. In this case, the money supply is growing faster than real GDP, which can lead to an increase in aggregate demand and therefore an increase in prices. However, it is true that the velocity of money could increase or decrease during hyperinflation, which could affect the inflation rate.

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Yes, the designing and planning a quantitative study when you have followed the steps to do it.

The quantitative study is a research method which involves collecting and analyzing numerical data to test and make generalizations about a problem or case study.

The quantitative study is the method which  involves collecting data through experiments and past data. Then, analyzing it using statistical methods to identify patterns and relationships between variables.

Therefore, the given statement is right that the designing and planning a quantitative study when you have followed the steps like research, analyze and so on.

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Preparing a budget is part of the controlling process.

FALSE

Budgeting is actually a part of the planning process, not the controlling process. The planning process involves setting goals, determining the resources required to achieve those goals, and creating a plan of action to meet those goals. Budgeting is an important tool in this process because it helps to allocate resources and establish priorities for spending.

The controlling process, on the other hand, involves monitoring performance and making adjustments as needed to ensure that goals are met. This includes measuring actual results against planned results, identifying variances, and taking corrective action if necessary.

While budgeting and controlling are both important aspects of managing a business, they serve different functions and are part of different phases of the management process.

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During the vulnerability life cycle management process, you implement the controls and protections from your plan of action in the "Remediation" phase.

This is when you apply the necessary countermeasures to mitigate the identified vulnerabilities and reduce potential risks.

The Remediation phase is the phase in which the actual implementation of controls and protections from the previously developed plan of action takes place. This phase is essential because it is where the organization puts into action the necessary countermeasures to mitigate the identified vulnerabilities and reduce potential risks.

During the Remediation phase, the organization will typically prioritize the vulnerabilities based on their severity, likelihood of exploitation, and potential impact. This prioritization helps to ensure that the most significant vulnerabilities are addressed first, reducing the organization's overall risk exposure.

Once the vulnerabilities have been prioritized, the organization will then implement the necessary controls and protections to mitigate the vulnerabilities. This may include a combination of technical controls, such as software patches, system hardening, and network segmentation, as well as administrative controls, such as policies and procedures, training, and awareness programs.

It is important to note that the Remediation phase is not a one-time event. Vulnerabilities are constantly being discovered and new threats are emerging, so the organization must continue to monitor its systems and processes, identify new vulnerabilities, and implement the necessary controls to mitigate them.

This ongoing cycle of vulnerability management helps to ensure that the organization's information systems remain secure and that the risk of a successful cyberattack is minimized.

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Job fairs are primarily useful for the rapid hiring of large numbers of people. They may attract some high-quality applicants, but they are not the best venue for locating top talent.

Job fairs can be useful for various purposes, depending on the company's goals and objectives. However, they are primarily helpful for the rapid hiring of large numbers of people. Job fairs attract a diverse pool of candidates with different backgrounds and skill sets, allowing companies to fill multiple positions quickly.

They can also be cost-effective, as companies can save money on recruitment advertising and other hiring-related expenses. While job fairs may attract some high-quality applicants, they are not the best venue for locating top talent. Many job fair attendees are actively seeking employment, which means they may not be the passive candidates that companies are looking for.

Moreover, job fairs may not attract applicants with the specific skills and experience required for certain roles. Companies should consider other recruitment strategies, such as passive recruiting and targeted advertising, to find the best candidates for their open positions.

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To calculate the own-price elasticity of demand, you can use the formula:

Elasticity of demand = (% change in quantity demanded) / (% change in price)

First, we need to determine the percentage change in both quantity demanded and price.

% change in quantity demanded = (New quantity demanded - Old quantity demanded) / Old quantity demanded
= (90 - 100) / 100
= -10%

% change in price = (New price - Old price) / Old price
= ($15 - $10) / $10
= 50%

Now we can calculate the own-price elasticity of demand:

Elasticity of demand = (-10%) / (50%)
= -0.20

The coefficient of the own-price elasticity of demand between these two prices is -0.20 (rounded to two decimal places).

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The journal entry to record the payment of the bond on the maturity date would be:

Debit: Bonds Payable ($260,000)

Credit: Discount on Bonds Payable ($5,000)

Credit: Cash ($260,000)

When the bonds were issued, they were sold at a discount. The discount is amortized over the life of the bond, which reduces the carrying value of the bond. The carrying value of the bond at maturity will be the face value of the bond, which is $260,000.

The discount on bonds payable account is a contra-liability account that represents the reduction in the carrying value of the bonds due to the discount. When the bond matures, the company will pay the face value of the bond, which is $260,000, and the discount on bonds payable account will be credited for the remaining unamortized discount of $5,000. The cash account will be debited for the amount paid, which is $260,000.

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Full Question  ;

A $260,000 issue of bonds that sold for?$255,000 matures on June? 25, 2020. The journal entry to record the payment of the bond on the maturity date is?

The total incremental cash flow related to selling the old equipment would be $76,000. This includes the proceeds from selling the equipment ($80,000), the tax savings on the loss on disposal ($4,000), and the reduction in operating costs due to the new equipment ($2,000).

The total incremental cash flow related to selling the old equipment can be calculated as follows

Proceeds from the sale of old equipment = $80,000

Tax on gain = ($80,000 - $70,000) x 0.4 = $4,000

Incremental cash flow = Proceeds from sale - Tax on gain

= $80,000 - $4,000

= $76,000

Therefore, the total incremental cash flow related to selling the old equipment is $76,000.

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When all things are equal, a national currency tends to fall when foreign investors believe that the country associated with that currency is at risk of large amounts of debt. This is because investors may lose confidence in the country's ability to repay its debt, leading them to sell their holdings in that currency, which results in a decrease in demand for the currency and a subsequent drop in its value.

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When utilizing cost data for decision making, it is crucial to consider various factors to ensure informed and accurate decisions are made. Firstly, it's essential to determine what costs are under the decision maker's direct control. By focusing on these controllable costs, decision makers can efficiently allocate resources and adjust expenses as needed to optimize operations and profitability.

Another important aspect to consider is how costs will behave or change. Understanding the cost behavior, whether they are fixed or variable, enables decision makers to predict the financial impact of different business scenarios and make informed choices about resource allocation, pricing, and cost management strategies.

Lastly, it's important to consider whether the rules of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are being followed. GAAP provides a standardized framework for financial reporting and ensures consistency and reliability in the presentation of cost data. Adherence to GAAP guidelines is essential to maintain credibility with investors, lenders, and other stakeholders, while also ensuring regulatory compliance.

In summary, for effective decision making using cost data, it is essential to evaluate controllable costs, cost behavior, and compliance with GAAP. By taking these factors into account, decision makers can make informed choices that support the financial health and success of their organizations.

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"establishing responsibilities" is not a limitation of internal control policies and procedures.

Establishing responsibilities is a crucial aspect of internal control policies, as it helps assign specific duties and accountability to different individuals, ensuring that each person knows their role within the organization. This, in turn, helps to maintain a well-structured and effective internal control system, therefore it is not a limitation.

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Based on the information provided, we can determine the amount of office supplies used during the year by following these steps:

1. Determine the initial balance: The Office Supplies account had a $590 debit balance on December 31, 2014.

2. Add the purchases made during the year: $2,680 of office supplies were purchased during the year.

3. Calculate the total available supplies: $590 (initial balance) + $2,680 (purchases) = $3,270

4. Determine the supplies available at the end of the year: The physical count on December 31, 2015, showed $696 of supplies available.

5. Calculate the amount of supplies used during the year: $3,270 (total available supplies) - $696 (supplies available at the end of the year) = $2,574

So, the amount of office supplies used during the year is $2,574.

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