The two phase change processes that play key roles in the vertical latent heat flux through the atmosphere are evaporation and condensation. Option C.
Evaporation is the process of transforming liquid water into water vapor, which is a gas. This phase change process requires heat energy to break the bonds between the water molecules, allowing them to escape into the air.
Condensation, on the other hand, is the opposite process, where water vapor is transformed into liquid water. This phase change process releases heat energy as the water molecules come together and form liquid droplets.
Both of these processes are important for the vertical transport of heat and moisture in the atmosphere, as they involve the exchange of energy between the atmosphere and the surface, as well as between different layers of the atmosphere.
The latent heat released or absorbed during these phase changes can have a significant impact on weather patterns and climate.
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What is the difference between a radiogenic and a stable isotope? Be specific and complete in your answer.
A radiogenic isotope is an isotope that is formed as a result of the decay of a radioactive parent isotope. This means that the radiogenic isotope has been formed by the breakdown of a parent isotope through a process of radioactive decay.
Radiogenic isotopes are often used in geology and geochemistry to study the age and formation of rocks, as well as the processes that have shaped the Earth over time.
On the other hand, a stable isotope is an isotope that does not undergo radioactive decay. This means that stable isotopes have a stable nucleus and do not change over time. Stable isotopes are often used in a variety of fields, including geology, biology, and archaeology, to study the movement of materials through natural systems and to trace the sources of various substances.
In summary, the main difference between radiogenic and stable isotopes is that radiogenic isotopes are formed as a result of radioactive decay, while stable isotopes have a stable nucleus and do not undergo radioactive decay.
The source of about 50% of the Earth's internal heat is radioactive decay. Due to their concentration in comparison to other radioactive isotopes such as uranium-238 (238U), uranium-235 (235U), thorium-232 (232Th), and potassium-40 (40K), four radioactive isotopes are responsible for the general population's radiogenic warmth.
The term "radioactive heating" refers to the energy lost during the radioactive decay of radioactive isotopes inside the interiors of planets, satellites, or asteroids (see radiochemistry). The decay energies and half-lives of radioactive isotopes serve as indicators of these properties.
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Which plate tectonic setting do andesites and diorites form at?
Answer: subduction zones
Explanation: They form in subduction zones, where one tectonic plate is sliding under another, as is the case with the Andes Mountains, and also along volcanic island arcs. In terms of magma composition, they are chemically similar to diorite, their intrusive cousin.
Of the following countries, which has the largest proven reserves of strategic metals?Chinaold Japanold Saudi Arabiaold The United Statesold Franceold
The country which has the largest proven reserves of strategic metals is South Africa.
Metals employed in vital sectors including aircraft, mobile technology, telecommunication, national defence, etc. are referred to as strategic metals. Strategic metals are ones that are lightweight and significantly stronger.
Strategic metals should be corrosion resistant and unaffected by air, water, or moisture content. These metals include titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr), as examples. Due to its use, titanium is light, corrosion-resistant, and has high melting and boiling points.
Therefore, South Africa has the largest proven reserves of strategic metals.
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2.what causes earthquakes? explain the processes using the following terms: stress, strain, elastic rebound, elastic energy, friction, brittle failure, and seismic waves
The following conditions affect incoming shortwave radiation except:[Hint: Review the factors in the atmosphere that affect solar radiation in Chapter 1]A. Cloud CoverB. HazeC. Thick atmosphere (low elevation location)D. Low Albedo
The following conditions affect incoming shortwave radiation except: D. Low Albedo. A low albedo indicates that a surface is absorbing more shortwave radiation rather than reflecting it.
Cloud cover,haze,a thick atmosphere are all factors that can influence the amount of incoming shortwave radiation by reflecting, scattering, or absorbing solar radiation before it reaches the Earth's surface.
Cloud cover can block or reflect solar radiation, haze scatters and absorbs radiation, and a thicker atmosphere at low elevations allows for greater interaction between solar radiation & atmospheric constituents.
In contrast, low albedo surfaces absorb more solar radiation and do not directly affect the amount of incoming shortwave radiation.
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TRUE OR FALSE 85) Germany and Italy did not become states until 1817.
Germany and Italy did not become unified states until the late 19th century. Italy became a unified state in 1861, and Germany became a unified state in 1871. Thus, it is False.
"Unified states" refers to the process of creating a single, centralized government out of previously independent territories or regions.
In the context of Germany and Italy, "unified states" refers to the creation of the modern nations of Germany and Italy in the late 19th century, when multiple smaller states and territories were brought together under a single government.
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To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice
A) double cropping.
B) transhumance.
C) threshing.
D) pastoral nomadism.
E) shifting cultivation.
To increase crop yields, farmers in South China commonly practice: double cropping. Therefore the correct option is option A.
In many parts of the world, particularly South China, double cropping is a widespread agricultural practise. It entails planting and harvesting two crops in the same field over the course of a single growing season.
Farmers in South China typically plant rice during the wet season and a second crop, such as wheat or vegetables, during the dry season.
Double cropping can assist farmers in increasing yields and improving land productivity. Farmers can make better use of their resources and increase their yield by planting two crops in the same season.
This is especially significant in locations with limited space and resources, where producing as much food as possible from a given piece of land may be vital. Therefore the correct option is option A.
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How does the cold and hot rolling processes differ?
The difference between cold rolling and hot rolling is mainly the temperature of the rolling process.
“Cold rolling” is carried out at room temperature, while “hot rolling” is carried out at a high temperature.
Where will the sun be shining at midnight on December 22nd?A. The EquatorB. North PoleC. South PoleD. No locations on the earth
At the South Pole, the sun be shining at midnight on December 22nd.
For the Northern Hemisphere this year, the sun will be at its southernmost position in the sky on December 22. Additionally, it represents the Southern Hemisphere's northernmost point in the sky this year. On December 22, 2023, at 3:27 UTC, is the December solstice.
As seen from the Tropic of Capricorn, the sun will be above at noon on this solstice. The December solstice will bring the year's longest nights and shortest days for those of us in the Northern Hemisphere. It will be the season with the shortest nights and longest days in the Southern Hemisphere. The sun will once again turn northward following this solstice.
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The increase in Mg and Si content of TTGs over the course of the Archean reflects which process(es)?
The increase in Mg and Si content of TTGs over the course of the Archean reflects the mantle cooling growing contact between TTG melt and the mantle, growing depth of TTG melt generation Geothermal slopes are decreasing.
The thermal energy produced and kept in the Earth's crust is known as geothermal energy. The ongoing nuclear fusion process keeps the Earth's core at a temperature that is roughly consistent with that of the Sun. since of the extreme heat and pressure, some rocks melt, which causes the mantle to rise since the lighter materials are drawn upward by the heat.
These molten rocks that were created in the crust of the Earth are propelled upward where they become trapped in certain areas known as "hot spots." Steam is produced when the hot point makes contact with subterranean water. This hot water-formed area occasionally has surface outlets. Hot springs are where this hot water bursts from one of these sources.
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how did korea first react to contact with the west?
Korea's initial reaction to contact with the West was one of cautious curiosity mixed with concern about potential foreign influences on their culture and society.
What was Korea's initial reaction to contact with the West?When Korea first made contact with the West, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the country's response was a mix of curiosity and caution. While some Koreans were intrigued by Western technology, culture, and trade opportunities, there was also a sense of unease about the potential impact of Western influences on Korea's traditional values and social structure.
This was particularly true as Western powers began to assert their influence and impose unequal treaties on Korea, which led to political and economic challenges. As a result, Korea went through a period of grappling with the idea of modernization while striving to maintain its unique cultural identity. This initial reaction to contact with the West played a significant role in shaping Korea's approach to foreign relations and modernization efforts in the years to come.
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TRUE OR FALSE 108) Four countries that were part of Yugoslavia until the early 1990s were Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia.
True. The four countries of Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia were part of Yugoslavia until the early 1990s.
Yugoslavia was a country that existed from 1918 to 1992 and was composed of six republics. However, after the death of the country's president, Josip Broz Tito in 1980, the country started to experience political and economic instability, leading to an intense period of civil unrest.
In 1991, the four republics of Bosnia, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia declared independence, thus ending Yugoslavia's existence. This was followed by a violent conflict, known as the Yugoslav Wars, which lasted until 1995, when the Dayton Agreement brought peace to the region.
The four countries have since gone on to become independent states with their own governments, constitutions, and international relations.
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Which of following locations is the usually the warmest across North Carolina on sunny, summer day? Note that Wrightsville Beach and Fayetteville have sandy soils. Hint: Consider soil character and proximity to water.A. Wrightsville BeachB. FayettevilleC. Asheville
The warmest location across North Carolina on a sunny, summer day is typically Fayetteville. This is due to its sandy soil and distance from water bodies. The correct option is B.
Sandy soils absorb and retain more heat compared to other soil types, which contributes to higher temperatures in the area. Wrightsville Beach, although it also has sandy soils, is cooler due to its proximity to the ocean.
Coastal areas usually have milder temperatures because the ocean water moderates the heat, providing a cooling effect. On the other hand, Asheville has cooler temperatures because of its location in the mountains, which results in higher elevations and lower average temperatures.
In summary, Fayetteville's sandy soil and distance from water sources make it the warmest location among the three on a sunny, summer day in North Carolina.
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TRUE OR FALS 98) A unitary state allocates strong power to local governments within the country.
A unitary state allocates strong power to local governments within the country. The statement is true.
A state that is administered by a single power, with the central government having ultimate authority, is referred to as a unitary state. As "one and indivisible" entities, the unitary states do not share sovereignty. This indicates that inhabitants are ruled by a single, consistent authority throughout the entire country.
The presence of subnational administrations, who are also directly chosen by the populace and have some political and administrative autonomy, is not excluded by this. However, subnational governments are only able to exercise the authority that the national government chooses to grant them. Thus, the degree of subnational powers, responsibilities, and resources, as well as the level of autonomy they have over these various components, determine whether unitary regimes are more or less decentralized. Subnational entities can be established and eliminated under a unitary state.
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refers to processes of economic, social and political integration that have collectively created ties that make a difference to lives around the planet. It is the extension, acceleration and intensification of consequential worldwide interconnections
globalization
Globalization refers to processes of economic, social and political integration that have collectively created ties that make a difference to lives around the planet. It is the extension, acceleration and intensification of consequential worldwide interconnections.
The term "globalization" refers to the increasing interconnectedness of the economies, cultures, and populations across the world as a result of cross-border commerce in products and services, technology, and movements of capital, people, and information. Over several decades, countries have formed economic alliances to enable these flows. But the phrase became more widely used in the early 1990s, following the end of the Cold War, when these cooperative agreements helped to define contemporary society.
Globalization's extensive ramifications are intricate and polarizing from a political standpoint. Similar to important technical developments, globalization helps society as a whole while hurting some sections.
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What factors affect the residual stresses on the rolled parts?
Material properties: The type of material used to manufacture the rolled part can significantly impact the residual stresses. Different materials have different elastic moduli, which may lead to varying amounts of stress.
Rolling process parameters: The rolling process parameters such as temperature, pressing force, and rolling speed can impact the residual stresses. For instance, increasing the rolling temperature can help to reduce the residual stresses.
Type of roller: The type of roller used can also affect the residual stresses. For instance, using a roller with a smaller diameter can create higher residual stresses than using a larger roller.
Rolling direction: The direction of the rolling can affect the residual stresses. Rolling in one direction may create higher residual stresses than rolling in another direction.
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The science on climate change is not disputed. What is disputed is/are who or what is responsible for climate change. the consequences of climate change. the impact of oil-based fuel technologies. the relative impact of developed countries on climate change.
While there is a scientific consensus on the reality of climate change and its causes, there are still debates and disagreements on some of its aspects.
Regarding the responsibility for climate change, the scientific consensus is that human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, are the primary drivers of climate change.
However, there are still those who dispute this consensus and argue that climate change is primarily caused by natural factors such as solar variability or volcanic activity.
There is also debate about the consequences of climate change, including its potential impacts on ecosystems, human health, and the global economy.
While some argue that the impacts of climate change will be relatively minor, others warn of catastrophic consequences, including widespread droughts, floods, and food shortages.
The impact of oil-based fuel technologies is also a subject of debate.
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What did the first seed agriculture originate?Western India, northern China, Ethiopia, Southern Mexico, Northern Peru
Seed agriculture originated in Western India, northern China, Ethiopia, Southern Mexico, and Northern Peru.
Seed farming has roots that may be found in many different parts of the world. In Western India, there is evidence of seed-based agricultural techniques reaching back thousands of years, making it one of the thoughts to be the first places where agriculture evolved. The early rice and millet farming in Northern China is well-known.
Agriculture in Ethiopia has a long history, and products like teff and barley have been grown there. The domestication of plants like maize, beans, and squash in southern Mexico and northern Peru is credited with breakthroughs in seed-based agriculture in the Americas.
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on a glacier, the area where the accumulation of ice and snow exactly balances the loss is called the . multiple choice question. equilibrium line ablation zone terminus blue-ice zone
On a glacier, the area where the accumulation of ice and snow exactly balances the loss is called the equilibrium line.
This line separates the ablation zone, where there is net ice loss due to melting, sublimation, and calving, from the accumulation zone, where there is net ice gain due to snowfall.
The equilibrium line shifts over time depending on the rate of snowfall and ablation, and it can be influenced by climate change. If the equilibrium line moves higher up the glacier, the accumulation zone decreases while the ablation zone increases, leading to glacier retreat.
Conversely, if the equilibrium line moves lower down the glacier, the accumulation zone increases while the ablation zone decreases, leading to glacier advance.
Understanding the location and movement of the equilibrium line is important for predicting the response of glaciers to climate change and for assessing the future availability of water resources in mountainous regions.
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Which plate tectonic settings do basalts and gabbros form at?
Answer:
Basalts and gabbros can form at divergent plate boundaries, where magma rises up from the mantle and solidifies into basaltic or gabbroic rock as it cools and spreads out. They can also form at hotspots, where magma from the mantle rises up to the surface and forms volcanic islands or plateaus. Additionally, basaltic rocks can form at convergent plate boundaries where oceanic crust is subducted beneath a continental plate and partially melts, leading to the formation of volcanic arcs
Explanation:
what is the asthenosphere? group of answer choices it is the surface that separates the crust from the mantle. it is the zone of weakness in the mantle on which the lithosphere moves. it is in the surface that separates the inner and outer core. it is the zone that separates the continental crust from the oceanic crust. it is the same as the gutenberg discontinuity.
Answer:
The lithosphere can't be classified neatly as either crust or mantle because it consists of both.
Explanation:
Which country withdrew from the International Court of Justice in 1986 after it was ordered to pay $2 billion in reparations for its involvement in another country's civil war?
The country that withdrew from the International Court of Justice in 1986 after being ordered to pay $2 billion in reparations for its involvement in another country's civil war is the United States.
The goal of the International Court of Justice of the United Nations is to adjudicate disputes brought before it by States in accordance with international law and to offer advisory opinions on disputes brought before it by specialised agencies and recognised United Nations entities.
The International Court of Justice, often known as the World Court (UN), is one of the six primary organisations of the United Nations. It provides advisory opinions on issues of international law and settles disputes between governments in accordance with that law.
The provisions of Article 59 of the ICJ Statute apply to its decisions and judgements as fundamental sources of international law since the International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the only international court that decides on international conflicts generally.
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All the following absorb more radiation than they reflect except:A. OzoneB. AsphaltC. Water vaporD. Snow cover
The snow cover absorbs less radiation than it reflects. Option D.
Snow cover. Snow cover reflects more radiation than it absorbs because of its high albedo. Albedo is the measure of the reflectivity of a surface.
Snow has a high albedo, meaning it reflects a large percentage of incoming solar radiation. In contrast, ozone, asphalt, and water vapor absorb more radiation than they reflect.
Ozone absorbs ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting the Earth from harmful rays. Asphalt has a low albedo and absorbs solar radiation, leading to urban heat island effects.
Water vapor is a greenhouse gas that absorbs and re-emits infrared radiation, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
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Which American TNC is most closely associated with GMOs?
The American TNC (Transnational Corporation) most closely associated with GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms) is Monsanto, which is now a subsidiary of Bayer AG. Monsanto was one of the largest agricultural biotechnology companies in the world
Monsanto created a number of well-known genetically modified crop varieties, such as Roundup Ready soybeans, which were bred to resist the herbicide glyphosate, and Bt cotton, which manufactured its own insecticide to ward off pests.
Farmers in the United States and other nations widely adopted genetically modified crops, although several environmental and health groups expressed worries about their long-term influence on the environment and human health.
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Name 11-25 Bill Of Rights
The 11-25 Bill of Rights were popularly known as the "Bill of Reconstruction Amendments" of the second time in the year of 1868. Each of the Bills from 11-25 had separate amended names.
The names of the Bills from 11-25 are:
Bill of 11 - The Bill of legal doctrine of sovereign immunity".
Bill of 12 - The Bill of qualifications of presidential and vice-presidential candidates
Bill of 13 - The Bill on Slavery
Bill of 14 - The Bill of Citizenship
Bill of 15 - The Bill of Rights of citizenship
Bill of 16 - The Bill on infliction of taxes
Bill of 17 - The Bill of Senator selection. and engagement
Bill of 18 - The Bill of prohibition activities
Bill of 19 - The Bill of Women Rights
Bill of 20 - The Bill of Service
Bill of 21 - The Bill of Repealing
Bill of 22 - The Bill of transportation and importation
Bill of 23 - The Bill of Set of Government
Bill of 24 - The Bill of Voting Rights
Bill of 25 - The Bill of Vacancy in offices
Therefore based on the aforesaid names attributed to the bills, collectively the 11-25 Bill of Rights were popularly know as the "Bill of Reconstruction Amendments".
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TRUE OR FALSE 66) Argentina and Chile are separated by one type of physical boundary, a desert.
False. Argentina and Chile are separated by multiple types of physical boundaries, not just a desert.
The countries share a border that extends over 5,000 kilometers and is defined by the Andes Mountains, which serve as a natural boundary between the two countries.
This mountain range is the longest in the world and is characterized by peaks that reach up to 6,959 meters above sea level.
In addition to the Andes, the border is also defined by other natural features such as rivers, lakes, and glaciers.
The Patagonian Desert is located in southern Argentina and Chile, but it does not serve as the sole physical boundary between the two countries.
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on the surface map below, isobars are solid lines and isotherms are dashed lines. note the red l representing a center of low pressure. which of the positions is the area of strongest cold advection?
The area of strongest cold advection on the surface map is located to the northwest of the low-pressure center represented by the red "L."
This is because the isotherms in that area are closer together, indicating a greater temperature gradient and faster movement of cold air into the region. Cold advection occurs when a mass of cold air moves into an area, replacing warmer air.
This can happen due to several factors, including the movement of a cold front or the circulation around a low-pressure system.
In this case, the low-pressure center is likely causing the cold advection as it pulls colder air from the north into the region. It's important to note that this map represents a specific moment in time and that weather patterns can shift and change rapidly.
However, at the time the map was created, the area to the northwest of the low-pressure center was experiencing the strongest cold advection.
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explain how the flow of matter and energy in the global ocean circulation is related to interactions of the ocean with two other parts of the earth system
Answer:
The flow of matter and energy in the global ocean circulation is intimately connected to the interactions of the ocean with two other parts of the Earth system: the atmosphere and the cryosphere.
The atmosphere is a key driver of ocean circulation through its impact on ocean surface winds and temperature. Wind patterns at the ocean surface are influenced by the rotation of the Earth, the position of high and low-pressure systems, and the temperature gradients between the equator and the poles. These wind patterns, in turn, drive surface currents that transport water and heat around the globe.
The ocean also plays an important role in the Earth's energy balance by absorbing and releasing heat. Ocean currents help to distribute this heat around the globe, with warm water flowing from the equator towards the poles and cold water returning towards the equator. This process helps to regulate global temperatures and affects weather patterns around the world.
The cryosphere, which includes polar ice caps and glaciers, is also closely linked to ocean circulation. Melting ice and snow can alter ocean salinity levels, which can in turn affect the density of ocean water and alter the strength and direction of ocean currents.
Overall, the global ocean circulation is an integral component of the Earth system, and the interactions between the ocean, atmosphere, and cryosphere are critical for maintaining the balance of matter and energy on our planet.
Explanation:
which of the activities listed below could help limit global warming by slowing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels? select all that apply.
The activities that could help limit global warming by slowing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are:
a. replacing fossil fuels with nuclear energylimiting soil erosion so organic matter takes longer to decomposed. choosing a fuel-efficient car, or bicycling to school or worke. using more electrical appliances and carsWhat is global warming?Global warming can be described as the situation nwhereby the temperature of the earth becomes increased whereby the temperature as well as theatmosphere of the earth become abnormal.
Itr should be noted that this is not good but can be reduced with the above measures such as stoping the usage of fossils.
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complete question;
Which of the activities listed below could help limit global warming by slowing the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels? View Available Hint(s) Select all that apply. a. replacing fossil fuels with nuclear energy b. burning vegetation to clear land for agriculture c. limiting soil erosion so organic matter takes longer to decompose d. choosing a fuel-efficient car, or bicycling to school or work e. using more electrical appliances and cars f. cutting down forests to build houses
degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation.
The degradation of land in semiarid areas is primarily caused by human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.
These activities can result in semiarid land degradation, which can have severe consequences for the environment and local communities. It can lead to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and reduced water availability, among other issues. It is essential that we take steps to mitigate the effects of these human actions on the land to ensure the sustainability of our environment for future generations. This may include implementing better land management practices, promoting reforestation, and reducing the intensity of animal grazing and crop planting in semiarid areas.
Desertification is a type of dryland land degradation in which biological productivity declines as a result of natural processes or human-induced activities, leading to the aridification of productive areas. It is the growth of arid regions as a result of several factors, such as climate change and excessive soil exploitation brought on by human activity.
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