The tort that protects individuals from harm based on careless and unintentional conduct of others is called:a. conversion b. negligencec. strict liabilityd. absolute liabilitye. none of the other choices

False, A motion for a directed verdict occurs after the plaintiff has presented their case and the defendant can argue that there is no need for the case to continue because the plaintiff has not presented enough evidence to support their claim.

This typically occurs during a trial, not immediately after the last pleading is filed. It is a request for the judge to rule in favor of the moving party because the opposing party has not presented enough evidence to support their claim or has failed to prove an essential element of their case.

The motion does not occur immediately after the last pleading is filed, as it happens during the trial itself.

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The right to be forgotten refers to European law empowering users to have personal information removed from the internet and disconnected from search engines.

The "right to be Forgotten" offers customers the capacity to dispose of content material from public view. With a view to avoid appearing in searches on search engines, it gives a person the authority to ask that news articles, videos, or photos be taken down from internet records.

This clause is a part of the general statistics protection regulation (GDPR), which went into effect in may 2018. The law is designed to defend people's personal information with the aid of giving them the option to ask that outdated, wrong, or beside the point facts about themselves be eliminated from on-line sources.

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Answer:

There are several reasons why we should continue to have a correctional system:

1. Deterrence: The threat of punishment can deter people from committing crimes. Knowing that there are consequences for their actions can help people make better choices and avoid criminal behavior. The correctional system serves as a deterrent by punishing those who have committed crimes, and by providing an example to others who might be considering criminal behavior.

2. Rehabilitation: The correctional system can help rehabilitate offenders by providing education, job training, and counseling services. These programs can help offenders develop the skills they need to become productive members of society and reduce their likelihood of reoffending. By providing offenders with the tools they need to succeed, the correctional system can help reduce crime and make our communities safer.

3. Punishment: The correctional system serves as a form of punishment for those who have committed crimes. Punishment is an important aspect of the criminal justice system because it helps maintain social order and reinforces the idea that certain behaviors are not acceptable in society. The correctional system can provide a range of punishments, from fines and community service to imprisonment, depending on the severity of the crime. By punishing offenders, the correctional system can help provide a sense of justice to victims and their families.

The DD Form 93 is a Department of Defense form used to record emergency contact information and other vital data such as medical information, legal representation, and service members' preference for the disposition of remains.

Service members typically complete this form. It ensures that their emergency contact information is up-to-date and easily accessible during an emergency. While the DD Form 93 is an essential document for service members, it is not intended to replace other personnel records such as the NAPPERS 1070/602.

Additionally, the information on the DD Form 93 may not necessarily be entered into a Navy database, although it may be used to update other records as necessary. It's worth noting that the specific requirements and procedures for completing the DD Form 93 may vary depending on the service branch and individual unit. Service members should consult with their unit's personnel office or command for more information on completing this form.

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If the court appoints an expert witness, the court must permit the jury to be told when the expert witness testifies at trial that the expert witness was appointed by the court. True.

If the court appoints an expert witness, the fact that the witness was appointed by the court must be disclosed to the jury when the expert testifies at trial. This is because the appointment by the court may imply that the witness is impartial and objective, and may carry more weight with the jury than a witness retained by one of the parties.

The disclosure requirement also allows the parties to question the witness about the appointment and the basis for the expert's opinions. This helps to ensure that the jury has all the information it needs to make an informed decision based on the evidence presented.

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An act to infringe our liberties has been rejected by Parliament many times. In 1776, the British Parliament rejected an act that would have allowed American colonies to be taxed without their consent.

In 1791, the British Parliament rejected an act to extend the term of the Prime Minister, which was seen as an infringement of the people’s right to vote. In 1832, Parliament rejected the Reform Act, which would have given the vote to the working class, thus infringing on the rights of the wealthy.

In 1834, Parliament rejected an act that would have allowed the government to detain people without trial, again infringing on civil liberties. In 1836, Parliament rejected an act that would have allowed the government to limit public assembly and freedom of speech, once more infringing on civil liberties.

Finally, in 2018, Parliament rejected the Internal Market bill, which would have allowed the government to breach international law and override parts of the Brexit withdrawal agreement. This act would have infringed on the liberties of people living in Northern Ireland.

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Emily's best defense in this scenario would likely be duress or coercion.

Duress or coercion is a legal defense that can be used when a person is forced to commit a crime under the threat of death or serious bodily harm.

In this case, Emily was threatened with death unless she complied with the criminal's demands. She was under duress and had no choice but to drive the car while the criminal robbed the bank.

Emily's actions were not voluntary and were only taken to avoid harm to herself. As such, she may be able to use the defense of duress to argue that she should not be held responsible for the crime.

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The intentional conduct that places a person in fear of immediate bodily harm or offensive contact is the tort of b) assault. Assault occurs when someone intentionally puts another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of imminent bodily harm or offensive contact.

This means that the victim does not need to be physically touched or harmed for an assault to occur; the mere threat of harm or offensive contact is enough.

For example, if someone raises their fist at another person in a threatening manner, that can be considered an assault even if they do not actually strike the person. In contrast, battery requires actual physical contact and offensive contact, such as a harmful or unwanted touching.

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Answer:

Check the attached document

Explanation:

Answer:

Mary can bring a successful suit for defamation.

Defamation is a legal term that refers to any false statement that harms a person's reputation. It includes both libel and slander. Libel refers to written defamation, while slander refers to spoken defamation.

In this scenario, Joe handed Mary a note that contained false and harmful statements about her, which can be considered libelous. Therefore, Mary can bring a successful suit for defamation.

Explanation:

The answer is b. defend the victim by using reasonable force. In most cases, deadly force is only justified if the defender reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or serious bodily harm to themselves or another person.

However, the use of force must be proportional to the threat faced by the defender. It means that the force used must not be excessive and should only be what is necessary to stop the attacker.

Additionally, it is important to note that citizens do not have the legal authority to arrest someone, as that is a task reserved for law enforcement officers. Therefore, options a and c are not valid. Finally, the answer is not d because the only specific choice that applies is b. Therefore, the correct answer is b. defend the victim by using reasonable force.

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In addition to the judge, prosecutor, and defense attorney, there are several other actors present in the courtroom. The bailiff is responsible for maintaining order and security in the courtroom.

Court reporters record everything that is said during the trial for the record. Witnesses are called to testify and provide evidence to support their side of the case. The jury, if present, is responsible for weighing the evidence presented and reaching a verdict.

Court interpreters may also be present to assist with communication if a party or witness does not speak the language of the court. Finally, members of the public, including family and friends of the parties involved, may attend the trial as spectators.

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The independence of judges from the executive branch of government is a key factor in protecting civil liberties.

This independence means that judges are not beholden to the government, and are therefore more likely to make decisions based solely on the law, without political pressure from the executive branch.

This allows the judiciary to serve as a check on the power of the government and to protect civil liberties.

For example, if the executive branch were to pass a law that is in violation of constitutional rights, an independent judiciary would have the power to declare the law unconstitutional and thus protect those rights.

This independence also allows for judges to be impartial when ruling on cases, and to make decisions based on the facts and the law, rather than political considerations. In this way, the independence of the judiciary protects civil liberties and ensures that the government does not exceed its authority.

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The content-neutral approach prevents claims that the statute violates the First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech. If the law only targeted specific messages or expressions, it could be seen as discriminating against certain viewpoints or content.

The correct answer is First Amendment's protection of freedom of speech.

However, if the Texas anti-graffiti law were to discriminate based on the content of the markings, it would likely be considered unconstitutional under the First Amendment's protection of free speech. This is because the government cannot restrict speech based on its content, except in limited circumstances, such as when the speech is intended to incite violence or is a form of obscenity.

The Texas anti-graffiti law seeks to avoid any potential First Amendment violations by adopting a content-neutral approach. Instead, it focuses on the physical act of defacing property without regard to the content of the markings.

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As the legal representative of the government, the prosecutor has several important duties. One of their main responsibilities is to review evidence and determine whether to file criminal charges against an individual.

They must also prepare and present cases in court, including questioning witnesses and making opening and closing statements. Additionally, prosecutors are responsible for negotiating plea bargains with defendants and their attorneys, which can result in a reduction of charges or sentence.

Finally, prosecutors also have a duty to protect the rights of victims and ensure that they receive justice and compensation for any harm they may have suffered. Overall, prosecutors play a crucial role in the criminal justice system, ensuring that laws are upheld and justice is served fairly.

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Alan may have committed the crime of check fraud or forgery, which is a serious criminal offense.

By altering the check, Alan has attempted to deceive the bank into believing that Tracy authorized a payment of $10,000, which is not true. This type of action is illegal and can result in criminal charges and legal consequences.

Specifically, altering a check with the intent to defraud or deceive is considered a type of forgery or fraud, and it can be charged as a felony offense.

The severity of the offense and the potential penalties depend on several factors, including the amount of money involved, the intent of the defendant, and the jurisdiction where the offense occurred.

Therefore, Alan's action of altering the check by adding a zero to increase the amount payable from $1,000 to $10,000 can be considered as a crime of check fraud or forgery.

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A prosecutor may decide not to prosecute a case due to several factors. Insufficient evidence can make it difficult to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, leading to a potential acquittal.

Additionally, the existence of credible alibis or witnesses could undermine the prosecution's case. Resource constraints might also play a role, as prosecuting a case with low chances of success could be seen as a waste of time and resources.

Finally, considerations of the public interest may influence the decision, as pursuing a case with minimal societal impact might not be a priority. In such situations, the prosecutor may opt for alternative resolutions, like plea bargains or diversion programs.

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Intentional torts are based on willful misconduct. Intentional torts refer to civil wrongs that occur when an individual intentionally causes harm or injury to another person.

This is different from negligence or carelessness, which involve unintentional actions that result in harm. Willful misconduct, or the deliberate and purposeful intent to cause injury or damage, is the foundation of intentional torts.

Some common examples of intentional torts include assault, battery, false imprisonment, defamation, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. In these cases, the defendant acts with the intent to cause harm, knowing that their actions will likely result in injury or damage to the plaintiff.

Assumption of care and obsequiousness are not relevant factors in determining intentional torts. Assumption of care refers to an individual voluntarily taking on responsibility for another person's well-being, while obsequiousness involves excessive submission or servile behavior.

In summary, intentional torts are based on willful misconduct, which is the deliberate intention to cause harm or injury to another person. This sets intentional torts apart from negligence or carelessness, which involve unintentional actions leading to harm. Assumption of care and obsequiousness are not relevant factors in determining intentional torts.

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A contingent fee basis, also known as a contingency fee, is a type of fee arrangement used in legal services. In this arrangement, the lawyer or law firm agrees to take on a client's case and only charges a fee if they are successful in obtaining a favorable outcome for the client.

If the case is unsuccessful, the lawyer or law firm does not receive a fee. Contingency fee arrangements are typically used in personal injury cases or other types of civil litigation where the client may not have the financial resources to pay for legal representation up front.

It allows clients to pursue legal action without the burden of paying high legal fees, and it incentivizes the lawyer to work hard to win the case since their compensation is tied to the outcome. The contingency fee is typically a percentage of the settlement or judgment awarded to the client.

The percentage varies depending on the complexity of the case, the amount of work involved, and the level of risk the lawyer is taking on by accepting the case. Before entering into a contingency fee agreement, clients should carefully review the terms and ask questions to ensure they understand the potential costs and risks involved.

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Yes, an expert is generally required to disclose the facts on which they relied in forming their opinion as part of their testimony.

This is because the credibility and reliability of an expert's opinion depends on the foundation of factual information they used to reach their conclusions. In court cases, experts are often asked to submit written reports detailing their opinions and the basis for them.

This report must include the facts and data that the expert used, as well as any assumptions or limitations. During their testimony, the expert may be asked to explain how they arrived at their conclusions and provide further details about the facts they relied upon.

Failure to disclose this information could result in the expert's opinion being disregarded by the court as unreliable or irrelevant.

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The Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) is an independent body established in England and Wales to oversee the appointment of judges. It was created under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 and started operating in 2006.

The JAC is responsible for selecting candidates for judicial office, including appointing judges to the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Supreme Court. It also has a role in appointing some tribunal judges. The Commission comprises a chairman, a deputy chairman, and 14 other members. Its members come from diverse backgrounds and include both lawyers and non-lawyers.

The Commission's role is to ensure that appointments to the judiciary are made on merit, based on an objective assessment of each candidate's qualifications, experience, and personal qualities. The JAC's selection process is designed to be fair, transparent, and inclusive.

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The Sedition Act of 1798 was a controversial law passed by the United States Congress and signed into law by President John Adams.

The law aimed to suppress political opposition and criticism of the federal government during a time of heightened tensions with France. The act made it a crime to publish "any false, scandalous and malicious" statements about the federal government, including Congress, the president, and the judiciary.

The law was widely criticized as a violation of the First Amendment's of act protection of freedom of speech and the press, and several people were arrested and convicted under the law before it expired in 1801.

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The Open Door Policy was a foreign policy approach adopted by the United States toward China in 1900. The Open Door Policy aimed to ensure that all these powers would have equal access to China's markets and territory without one country dominating the others.

U.S. Secretary of State John Hay introduced the Open Door Policy in a series of notes to the foreign powers with interests in China. The notes proposed that all countries respect the territorial integrity of China and allow other nations equal access to its markets, including the right to establish commercial enterprises and lease land for economic purposes.

The Open Door Policy was an attempt by the United States to protect its commercial interests in China, as well as to promote international cooperation and avoid conflicts between the various foreign powers that had carved up China into spheres of influence.

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All of the above options, braking distance, reaction distance, and perception distance, are elements of the total stopping distance. Drivers need to consider certain factors while driving to ensure they can stop their vehicle safely in any circumstance.

The total stopping distance is the distance a vehicle will travel from the moment a driver perceives a need to stop to the moment the vehicle comes to a complete stop. Perception distance is the distance traveled by a vehicle from the moment a driver perceives the need to stop to the moment the driver applies the brakes.

Reaction distance is the distance the vehicle travels from the moment the driver applies the brakes to the moment the vehicle comes to a complete stop. Braking distance is the distance the vehicle travels while the brakes are applied, from the moment the brakes are applied until the vehicle comes to a complete stop.

In summary, all of the above options are correct because they are all factors that contribute to the total stopping distance. Drivers should be aware of these elements and take them into account when driving to ensure they are able to stop their vehicle safely in any situation.

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The statement "When arbitration is mandatory under a statute, the losing party generally can appeal from such arbitration to a court" is false because arbitration is designed to be a binding, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to traditional court litigation.

In cases where arbitration is mandatory under a statute, the losing party generally cannot appeal the arbitration decision to a court. The main reason for this is that arbitration is designed to be a binding, cost-effective, and efficient alternative to traditional court litigation.

By allowing parties to appeal arbitration decisions to courts, this purpose would be undermined, and the arbitration process would lose its efficiency and effectiveness. Arbitration decisions are typically final and binding on the parties involved, and courts are usually reluctant to intervene unless there are specific grounds for doing so.

Some possible grounds for appealing an arbitration decision to a court include:

1. Procedural irregularities: If there were serious procedural issues in the arbitration process, such as fraud or bias, a court might consider reviewing the decision.

2. Arbitrator exceeded their authority: If the arbitrator made a decision outside the scope of their authority, a court might consider reviewing the decision.

3. Violation of public policy: If the arbitration decision violates fundamental principles of justice or public policy, a court might consider reviewing the decision.

However, these grounds for appeal are limited and do not apply in every case. Overall, when arbitration is mandatory under a statute, it is generally not possible for the losing party to appeal the decision to a court.

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The Indian judiciary has become more assertive in recent years. It has increasingly taken suo moto cognizance of issues that have an impact on the public interest and has issued directives to the executive and legislative branches of the government.

The judiciary has also played a prominent role in upholding the fundamental rights of the citizens of India, and has been very proactive in ensuring that the government upholds the rule of law. The judiciary has also taken up the cause of environmental protection and has issued directions to the government to take measures to protect the environment.

The judiciary has also been very active in taking up cases related to corruption and human rights violations. It has issued directions for the prosecution and punishment of those found guilty. Thus, the judiciary has become an important pillar of the Indian democracy and has played a major role in upholding the rule of law and protecting the fundamental rights of citizens.

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Felony is the type of crime which is most likely to produce the longest prison sentence. The correct option is c.

Felonies are extreme crimes that are punishable by using imprisonment for multiple 12 months, and in some cases, existence imprisonment or the loss of life penalty. Misdemeanors are much less serious offenses that commonly carry a sentence of much less than three hundred and sixty five days in prison, while civil offenses typically bring about fines or different penalties in place of jail time.

Contempt of courtroom is a prison price which could result in fines or imprisonment, however typically does no longer carry a prolonged prison sentence. The correct option is c.

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To establish the legal requirement of intent for an intentional tort: c. the wrong does must have known the possible consequences of his act.

Three fundamental rules govern all intentional torts: (1) intent is a requirement for liability; (2) each intentional tort must breach a distinct behavioral rule; and (3) all intentional torts require proof of the defendant's responsibility.

No actual harm must be done to the victim, but the actor must have planned to make an insulting or hurtful contact with them, and the victim must have been made aware of this intention immediately. In the context of an assault, "intention" denotes that the action was not accidental; the reason, however, is irrelevant.

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The U.S. Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. Sullivan shows that it was concerned most with protecting freedom of speech and the press under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution.

The case involved a libel lawsuit filed by L.B. Sullivan, a public official in Montgomery, Alabama, against the New York Times over a newspaper advertisement critical of the city's treatment of civil rights activists. The Supreme Court's decision established essential protections for free speech and the press by raising the standard of proof required for public officials to succeed in a libel suit.

The Court ruled that to receive compensation for libel; public officials must demonstrate that the remarks were made with "actual malice," which means that the speaker was aware of the statement's falsity or acted carelessly towards it. This higher standard of proof protects the rights of journalists and publishers to report on matters of public interest without fear of being sued for defamation by public officials.

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When an institution conducts research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules in rodents, the (IBC) is required to have members or ad hoc consultants with expertise in Molecular biology, Animal care and use, Biosafety and Regulatory compliance.

1. Molecular biology: An expert in molecular biology is needed to understand the techniques used in manipulating nucleic acid molecules, such as cloning, gene editing, and gene expression analysis. They can assess the potential risks associated with the research and recommend appropriate safety measures

2. Animal care and use: An expert in animal care and use ensures that the research is conducted ethically, following guidelines for the treatment of rodents. They can help evaluate the potential impact of the research on the animals and provide advice on animal handling, housing, and welfare.

3. Biosafety: A biosafety expert is essential for evaluating the containment measures needed to protect researchers, the environment, and the public from potential exposure to recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules. They can recommend appropriate biosafety levels, containment practices, and risk mitigation strategies.

4. Regulatory compliance: An expert in regulatory compliance ensures that the research complies with relevant federal, state, and local regulations, including the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant or Synthetic Nucleic Acid Molecules. They can help the IBC navigate the complex regulatory landscape and maintain compliance with all necessary requirements.

By having members or consultants with expertise in these areas, the Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) can make informed decisions about the safety and ethics of research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules in rodents, ensuring that the research is conducted responsibly and with minimal risks.

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