The statement “microbes can move by gravity from a nonsterile item to a sterile item” is true especially if there is direct or indirect contact between the two items.
Microbes, which include bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can be present on various surfaces, including nonsterile items such as clothing, tools, and surfaces in the environment. If there is contact between these nonsterile items and sterile items such as medical equipment, surgical instruments, or even food, microbes can transfer from the nonsterile item to the sterile item by gravity.
This is why proper hygiene practices are so important in healthcare settings and in daily life. Handwashing and cleaning surfaces with disinfectants can help reduce the spread of harmful microbes from nonsterile items to sterile items, the statement is true.
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Addison's disease's expected acid/base state
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a condition where the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones, specifically cortisol and aldosterone. The expected acid/base state in Addison's disease is metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic acidosis occurs in Addison's disease because of the following reasons:
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what is health promotion (injury prevention-MVA): infant (birth-1 yr)
Health promotion (injury prevention-MVA) for infants (birth-1 year) refers to the strategies and actions taken to prevent or reduce the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVA) involving infants.
This includes educating parents and caregivers on proper safety measures and promoting the use of appropriate safety devices to protect infants during car rides.
Some steps for health promotion in injury prevention for infants related to MVA are:-
1. Always use a rear-facing car seat: For infants (birth-1 year), a rear-facing car seat provides the best protection in the event of an MVA.
2. Install the car seat correctly: Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper installation, ensuring that the car seat is securely fastened and adjusted correctly.
3. Position the car seat in the back seat: Infants should always be placed in the back seat of the car, preferably in the middle, to reduce the risk of injury in case of a side-impact collision.
4. Check the harness straps: Make sure the straps are snug and lie flat across the child's chest and shoulders, with the chest clip at armpit level.
5. Avoid placing heavy or loose objects in the car: These can become dangerous projectiles in the event of a sudden stop or crash.
6. Never leave an infant unattended in a car: Besides the risk of heatstroke, there is also the danger of a potential carjacking or theft with the infant still inside.
By following these steps and promoting safe practices, health promotion (injury prevention-MVA) for infants (birth-1 year) can be effectively achieved, ensuring their safety and well-being during car rides.
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During a mental status examination, a client may be asked to explain such proverbs as "Don't cry over spilled milk." What about the client's ability to think is being assessed by the health care practitioner?
During a mental status examination, a health care practitioner may ask a client to explain proverbs like "Don't cry over spilled milk" to assess the client's ability to think abstractly.
Abstract thinking is an essential cognitive skill that allows individuals to understand complex concepts and relationships beyond concrete experiences. By interpreting the meaning of a proverb, the client demonstrates their capacity to identify figurative language, recognize underlying messages, and make connections between ideas.
Evaluating a client's abstract thinking skills helps the practitioner to identify potential cognitive impairments or mental health disorders, as difficulty with abstraction may indicate issues with problem-solving, decision-making, and social communication.
Assessing the client's ability to interpret proverbs can provide valuable insight into their overall cognitive functioning and contribute to a comprehensive mental status examination.
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Where was the National HOSA headquarters first located?
The National HOSA headquarters was first located in Arlington, Texas.
The National HOSA (Health Occupations Students of America) organization was founded in 1976 by a group of educators in Texas. The organization was originally called "Health Occupations Education" and was later renamed to "HOSA-Future Health Professionals." The first National HOSA Leadership Conference was held in Oklahoma City in 1978, and the organization continued to grow and expand.
In the early years of the organization, the National HOSA headquarters was located in Arlington, Texas. In 2003, the headquarters was moved to Southlake, Texas, where it remains today.
Overall, the National HOSA headquarters was first located in Arlington, Texas.
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increase fibronogen split product indicates ?
An increase in fibronogen split product indicates the activation of the coagulation system and the breakdown of fibrinogen into smaller fragments.
This can occur in conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. It may also be elevated in certain cancers and inflammatory conditions. It is important to note that an increase in fibronogen split product alone is not diagnostic of any specific condition and must be interpreted in the context of other clinical and laboratory findings. An increase in fibrinogen split products indicates that there is an ongoing activation of the coagulation system, which leads to the formation and subsequent breakdown of fibrin clots. This could be suggestive of conditions such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or pulmonary embolism (PE).
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According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
According to Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, people must have advanced cognitive abilities and be able to think abstractly and logically in order to reason at the post-conventional level.
At this level, individuals are able to see beyond their own personal interests and societal norms, and they begin to question and critically evaluate these norms based on universal ethical principles. They are able to understand that moral principles are not simply a matter of following rules or obeying authority, but are rooted in fundamental human rights and dignity.
To reason at the post-conventional level, people must also possess a strong sense of empathy and an ability to take multiple perspectives. They are able to understand the perspectives and values of others and are able to apply this understanding to their own moral reasoning.
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A client who has recently had surgery for prostate cancer expresses to the nurse feelings of anger toward God because of the diagnosis. Which nursing intervention is appropriate for this client?
The nurse should offer emotional support by actively listening to the client who has undergone prostate cancer surgery when they vent their rage towards God.
They should also value their feelings and we should encourage them to do so in a private setting. The nurse might also advise consulting a chaplain or other clergy member as a spiritual adviser.
The nurse can inform the patient about the value of self-care, which consists of getting adequate sleep, eating a balanced diet, and exercising to enhance recovery and lessen stress above all of this.
During this trying period, it's critical to offer the client compassionate, nonjudgmental care while assisting them on their emotional and spiritual journey.
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What does increased blood flow do to drug duration?
Increased blood flow can potentially decrease drug duration by enhancing drug metabolism and elimination, as well as drug absorption.
How Increased blood flow can potentially decrease drug duration?Increased blood flow can potentially decrease the duration of drug action, as it can cause the drug to be cleared more quickly from the body. This is because drugs are metabolized and eliminated from the body by the liver and kidneys, and increased blood flow can enhance the delivery of the drug to these organs, leading to more rapid metabolism and elimination.
Increased blood flow to the site of drug administration can enhance the absorption of the drug, which can also lead to a shorter duration of action. This is particularly relevant for drugs that are administered via injection or topical application, as increased blood flow to the injection site or skin can enhance the absorption of the drug.
However, it is important to note that the impact of increased blood flow on drug duration can vary depending on the specific drug and the individual patient. Other factors, such as the drug's pharmacokinetic properties, the patient's liver and kidney function, and any other medications they may be taking, can also influence the duration of drug action. Therefore, it is important to consider these factors when determining the appropriate dosing and duration of a medication.
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Why is important for the provider to begin immediate treatment for Erysipelas?
Medical care suppliers genuinely must start prompt therapy for Erysipelas since a serious bacterial disease can directly spread and cause extreme inconveniences.
Streptococcus pyogenes, a kind of bacteria that causes erysipelas, can enter the skin through even small cuts or breaks, causing a red, swollen, and painful rash.
Assuming left untreated, the contamination can spread to different pieces of the body, causing serious tissue harm, sepsis, and even passing at times. Antibiotic treatment can effectively eliminate the infection, stop the spread of the bacteria, and lower the likelihood of complications.
In addition, the patient's quality of life can be improved and the risk of long-term complications like disfigurement and discomfort associated with the infection can be reduced with prompt treatment. To ensure the best possible outcome for the patient, it is essential for healthcare providers to recognize the symptoms of erysipelas and begin treatment as soon as possible.
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what is expected physical development: young adult (20-35 yrs)
In young adulthood (20-35 years), physical development is largely complete, and individuals typically reach their peak physical performance in terms of strength, endurance, and sensory abilities.
some of the physical development include:
- Muscle strength and endurance typically peak during young adulthood, making this a good time to establish and maintain healthy physical habits, such as regular exercise and good nutrition.
- Physical performance is at its best during this period, with individuals reaching their peak in terms of agility, coordination, and speed.
- Young adults may begin to experience the early signs of age-related physical decline, such as a gradual decrease in bone density and muscle mass, which can lead to an increased risk of osteoporosis and other conditions later in life.
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After collecting a urine specimen, which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
The most appropriate action by the nurse after collecting a urine specimen is to properly label and transport the specimen to the laboratory for analysis.
It is important for the nurse to ensure that the specimen is properly labeled with the patient's identifying information, including name and date of birth, to prevent any mix-ups or errors in analysis. The specimen should then be promptly transported to the laboratory to ensure accurate results. Additionally, the nurse should ensure that the patient is provided with clear instructions on proper collection technique and any necessary precautions to take before and during the collection process.
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In which group is it most important for the client to understand the importance of an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test?
It is most important for women who are at risk for cervical cancer to understand the importance of an annual Pap test.
Which group of people must do the annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test?
It is most important for the client to understand the importance of an annual Papanicolaou (Pap) test in the group of sexually active women and those aged 21 to 65 years. This is because Pap tests play a crucial role in the early detection of cervical cancer, allowing for timely diagnosis, identification of symptoms, and appropriate treatment, ultimately improving the chances of successful outcomes.
This includes women who have a family history of cervical cancer, those who have been diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV), and those who have experienced symptoms such as abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain. Early diagnosis through regular Pap tests can greatly improve the chances of successful treatment, which may include surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy depending on the stage and type of cancer.
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The nurse has an order to administer an intramuscular (I.M.) injection using the Z-track technique. When carrying out this order, what nursing intervention should the nurse implement?
The nursing intervention that the nurse should implement when administering an intramuscular injection using the Z-track technique is to pull the skin laterally before inserting the needle into the muscle.
This technique helps to prevent leakage of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue, which can cause skin irritation and discoloration. The Z-track technique involves pulling the skin and underlying tissues to the side before injecting the medication, and then releasing the skin once the needle has been withdrawn.
This creates a zig-zag path for the medication to follow, which helps to seal the injection site and prevent the medication from leaking out. This technique is often used for medications that can cause irritation or staining of the skin, or that need to be absorbed slowly and steadily over time. Proper technique is important for patient comfort and safety.
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What is Freud's stage of psychosexual development that is most closely related to Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage?
In both Sigmund Freud's and Erik Erikson's psychosocial hypothesis of improvement, the early childhood period may be a time of critical mental development and advancement.
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual hypothesis of improvement and Erik Erikson's psychosocial hypothesis of improvement share a few similitudes, but they too have a few noteworthy contrasts.
In Freud's theory, the stage that is most closely related to Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage is the phallic stage, which occurs from approximately three to six years of age.
Amid the phallic organize, children get to be curious about their possess bodies and find that they have distinctive genitalia than the inverse sex.
According to Freud, during this stage, children also develop unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent, known as the Oedipus or Electra complex.
Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage also occurs during the same period as the phallic stage, and it emphasizes children's growing sense of initiative in taking on new challenges and responsibilities.
This arrangement is characterized by the advancement of a sense of reason and the capacity to start and total assignments, as well as sentiments of blame that will emerge in case children feel they have violated their boundaries or acted improperly.
In both theories, the early childhood period may be a time of critical mental development and advancement, and it is stamped by critical changes in children's connections with themselves and others.
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A client is admitted for right leg vein ligation and stripping for varicose veins. Which nursing intervention postoperatively should the nurse include?
After right leg vein ligation and stripping for varicose veins, the nurse should include the nursing interventions:
Monitor for signs and symptoms of bleeding: Check the surgical site for bleeding, and monitor the client's vital signs. Report any significant changes to the healthcare provider immediately.
Elevate the leg: Elevate the leg to reduce swelling and promote venous return. The client should keep the affected leg elevated above the level of the heart for the first 24 to 48 hours postoperatively.
Encourage ambulation: The client should start walking as soon as possible after the surgery to promote circulation and prevent complications such as blood clots. The nurse should assist the client with getting out of bed and walking as needed.
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fill in the blank. Dr. Paul Elwood coined the term _____ to describe prepaid group practices
health maintenance organization (HMO)
Dr. Paul Elwood coined the term "health maintenance organization (HMO)" to describe prepaid group practices.
An HMO is a form of managed care organization that offers health insurance through a network of providers with whom it has agreements to provide members with services at reduced prices. Typically, HMO members select a primary care physician who acts as their main point of contact for all medical treatment and specialist referrals.
HMOs are renowned for their emphasis on preventative care and for focusing on minimizing costs by controlling the utilization of medical services. In order to reduce escalating medical expenses and boost patient care quality, the HMO model was originally launched in the 1970s.
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A nurse collecting data on a post-craniotomy client finds the urinary catheter bag with 1,500 mL the first hour and the same amount for the second hour. Which complication should the nurse suspect as a cause of this amount of output?
The client's high urine output could be a sign of diabetes insipidus, which the nurse should suspect.
What is post-craniotomy?Due to an absence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a reduced sensitivity to ADH, diabetes insipidus causes the generation of excessive volumes of diluted urine.
Diabetes insipidus may develop in patients who have had a craniotomy as a result of pituitary gland injury or disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
Given that fact that the client outputs as much as 1,500 mL the first hour and the same amount for the second hour diabetes insipidus ought to be suspected by the nurse.
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What are cause of Pulseless Electrical activity (PEA)
Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) is a cardiac arrest rhythm characterized by the presence of organized electrical activity on the electrocardiogram (ECG) but without a detectable pulse.
PEA is caused by a wide range of conditions that impair the normal mechanical function of the heart, including hypovolemia, hypoxia, acidosis, electrolyte imbalances, tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, and myocardial infarction.
In these conditions, the heart's electrical system continues to function but the heart is unable to pump effectively due to decreased preload, increased afterload, or impaired contractility. This leads to a loss of perfusion to vital organs, resulting in cardiac arrest and PEA.
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An AED is a portable device that checks a person’s
heart rhythm.
blood pressure.
cholesterol.
temperature.
Answer:
heart rhythm is the answer.
Explanation:
Define artifact and list three examples of artifact.
In healthcare system, an artifact is an artificial distortion, or blockage that does not allow one to view the intact anatomy, pathology, or physiology of a living system, mainly detected in the information system.
The three main categories of artifacts include; data objects, annotations, and work groups. The examples od Data objects are; hospital records. Examples of annotations include; image annotation in radiology, and the examples of work groups include; algorithms of diagnosis to save time of the healthcare practitioners.
Therefore based on the above-mentioned information, it can be pointed out that the artifacts also alter the tissues, and anatomy in such a manner to obscure their appearance for studies.
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Mild aminotransferse elevation and isoniazid, management
Mild aminotransferse elevation can sometimes occur as a side effect of isoniazid, a medication used to treat tuberculosis. If the elevation is mild, meaning it is only slightly above the normal range, the usual course of action is to continue the medication and monitor the levels closely. However, if the elevation becomes more significant or is accompanied by other symptoms such as abdominal pain or nausea, the medication may need to be stopped or the dosage adjusted. It is important to work closely with a healthcare provider to determine the best management strategy in this situation.
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What are causes of axis deviation?
The causes of axis deviation can be due to normal variations or pathological conditions such as cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, bundle branch blocks, congenital heart defects, and electrolyte imbalances.
The causes of axis deviation can be categorized into normal variations and pathological conditions. Normal variations are usually harmless, while pathological conditions may indicate a health issue that needs attention. These can be explained further:
1. Normal variations: These can be due to factors such as age, body position, or genetic predisposition. For example, as people age, their hearts may shift slightly, leading to a change in the axis.
2. Pathological conditions: These can result from various health problems. Some common causes of axis deviation include:
a. Cardiac hypertrophy: An enlarged heart can cause the electrical axis to deviate. This is often seen in conditions like hypertension or heart valve disorders.
b. Myocardial infarction: A heart attack can damage the heart muscle and disrupt the normal electrical pathway, causing the axis to deviate.
c. Bundle branch blocks: These occur when the electrical signal in the heart is delayed or blocked, causing the axis to deviate.
d. Congenital heart defects: Some people are born with heart defects that cause the electrical axis to deviate.
e. Electrolyte imbalances: Imbalances in the levels of electrolytes like potassium or calcium can affect the electrical conduction in the heart and lead to axis deviation.
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in a distal clavicle fracture: _____1_____ draw the distal fragment inferolaterally____2_____ and ___3_____ draw proximal fragment superomedially
In a distal clavicle fracture, it is important to properly position the fragments in order to promote proper healing and prevent long-term complications.
One of the key steps in treating a distal clavicle fracture is to draw the distal fragment inferolaterally. This means that the fragment should be pulled downward and to the side in order to properly align it with the rest of the clavicle.
Additionally, it is important to draw the proximal fragment superomedially. This means that the upper portion of the clavicle should be pulled upward and towards the middle of the body in order to properly position the bone fragments for healing.
These steps may be performed during surgery or with the use of a sling or other immobilization device. Properly positioning the fragments is essential for ensuring proper healing and minimizing the risk of long-term complications such as chronic pain or shoulder instability.
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The ____ approach to discipline builds on the philosophy that violations of procedures and rules by employees are actions that usually can be constructively corrected without penalty.negative disciplinepositive disciplineperformance management
The positive discipline approach to discipline builds on the philosophy that violations of procedures and rules by employees are actions that usually can be b corrected without penalty, option B is correct.
A positive discipline is an approach to discipline that emphasizes correcting employee behavior constructively, without necessarily resorting to penalties or punishment. The philosophy behind positive discipline is that most employees want to do the right thing and will respond positively to constructive feedback and coaching.
Positive discipline can be an effective approach to correcting employee behavior, as it focuses on helping employees improve rather than punishing them for their mistakes. It can also help build a positive and supportive work environment, which can improve morale and productivity, option B is correct.
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The complete question is:
The ____ approach to discipline builds on the philosophy that violations of procedures and rules by employees are actions that usually can be constructively corrected without penalty
A) negative discipline
B) positive discipline
C) performance management
A client with advanced breast cancer is prescribed tamoxifen. When teaching the client about this drug, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting which adverse reaction immediately?
When teaching a client with advanced breast cancer about tamoxifen, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting any adverse reactions like the development of blood clots immediately.
One particular adverse reaction that the nurse should mention is the development of blood clots, which can occur with tamoxifen use. This is especially important as blood clots can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. Other potential adverse reactions include hot flashes, vaginal discharge or bleeding, and changes in menstrual periods. Some other serious adverse reactions are stroke or endometrial or uterine cancer. The nurse should also encourage the client to attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor for any potential side effects.
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Is homeostasis maintained by antagonistic effectors?
Yes, homeostasis is often maintained by antagonistic effectors.
Antagonistic effectors are pairs of physiological mechanisms that work in opposite directions to maintain a stable internal environment. For example, in the regulation of blood glucose levels, the hormone insulin acts to lower blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells, while the hormone glucagon acts to raise blood glucose levels by promoting the release of glucose from the liver. These two hormones work in opposition to each other to maintain a stable blood glucose level.
Also, in the regulation of body temperature, the hypothalamus acts as the integrative center to maintain a stable body temperature through a balance between heat gain and heat loss mechanisms. Heat loss mechanisms such as sweating and vasodilation work in opposition to heat gain mechanisms such as shivering and vasoconstriction to maintain a stable body temperature.
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Intracranial calcifications that resemble a tramline =
Intracranial calcifications that resemble a tramline are typically associated with a medical condition called Fahr's syndrome.
Fahr's syndrome is a rare, genetically inherited neurological disorder characterized by the accumulation of calcium deposits in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex of the brain. These calcifications can be seen on imaging studies, such as CT scans, and can appear as dense, linear, or tramline-like structures. The calcifications in Fahr's syndrome can cause a wide range of neurological symptoms, including cognitive impairment, movement disorders, and psychiatric symptoms.
Fahr's syndrome can also be associated with other medical conditions, such as hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and Wilson's disease. Treatment of Fahr's syndrome is typically focused on managing the associated symptoms and addressing any underlying medical conditions.
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Large amounts of protein are found in the urine of a patient. Based on this information, which portion of the nephron is most likely malfunctioning?
A.Collecting duct
B.Distal tubule
C.Glomerulus
D.Loop of Henle
The portion of the nephron most likely malfunctioning in a patient with large amounts of protein in the urine is the glomerulus, option C is correct.
The glomerulus is the first part of the nephron that filters blood to form urine. It consists of a network of capillaries with small pores that allow small molecules such as water, electrolytes, and waste products to pass through while retaining larger molecules such as proteins in the bloodstream.
If the glomerulus is damaged, the pores may become larger, allowing proteins to pass through and enter the urine. This condition is called proteinuria and is a sign of kidney dysfunction or disease, option C is correct.
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If an error is made while recording, the nurse should:
A) Erase it or scratch it out.
B) Leave a blank space in the note.
C) Draw a single line through the error and initial it.
D) Obtain a new nurse's note and rewrite the entries.
C) Draw a single line through the error and initial it. is the correct answer because:
It is important to make corrections to errors in a way that still allows the original information to be read and understood. Simply erasing or leaving a blank space can be confusing, and rewriting the entire note is unnecessary. Drawing a single line through the error and initialling shows that the mistake was acknowledged and corrected while still maintaining the integrity of the original recording. This approach maintains the integrity of the record, allows for accountability, and ensures the mistake is acknowledged and corrected in a professional manner. Hence C) is the correct answer.
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What glycogen storage disease that has flat venous lactate curve with normal rise in ammonia levels during exercise
The glycogen storage disease that has a flat venous lactate curve with a normal rise in ammonia levels during exercise is called McArdle disease, which is also known as glycogen storage disease type V.
This is due to the deficiency of the enzyme myophosphorylase, which is responsible for breaking down glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate in muscle cells. As a result, affected individuals are unable to generate energy efficiently from glycogen during exercise, leading to muscle pain, fatigue, and cramping.
The flat venous lactate curve is a result of impaired lactate production and uptake by the muscles, while the normal rise in ammonia levels is due to increased protein breakdown and subsequent conversion of amino acids to ammonia during exercise.
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