what volume (in ml) of 9.53 m hcl would be required to make 325.0 ml of a solution with a ph of 2.71?

Answers

Answer 1

To make 325.0 ml of a solution with a pH of 2.71, we would need 0.045 ml (or 45 µl) of 9.53 M HCl.

How to find the volume?

To determine the volume of 9.53 M HCl required to make 325.0 ml of a solution with a pH of 2.71, we need to calculate the concentration of H+ ions in the solution using the pH value.

pH = -log[H+]2.71 = -log[H+][H+] = 1.32 x 10⁻³ M

Use the concentration of H+ ions and the volume of the solution to calculate the moles of H+ ions.

moles of H+ ions = concentration × volumemoles of H+ ions = 1.32 x 10⁻³ M × 325.0 mlmoles of H+ ions = 4.29 x 10⁻⁴ mol

Use the balanced chemical equation for HCl to determine the moles of HCl required.

HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl-

1 mole of HCl produces 1 mole of H3O+ ions.

Therefore, the moles of HCl required is equal to the moles of H3O+ ions:

moles of HCl = 4.29 x 10⁻⁴ mol

Use the molarity of HCl and the moles of HCl required to calculate the volume of HCl needed.

moles of HCl = molarity × volume in litersvolume in liters = moles of HCl ÷ molarityvolume in liters = 4.29 x 10⁻⁴ mol ÷ 9.53 Mvolume in liters = 4.50 x 10⁻⁵ L

Convert liters to milliliters:

volume in ml = 4.50 x 10⁻⁵ L × 1000 ml/Lvolume in ml = 0.045 ml

Therefore, to make 325.0 ml of a solution with a pH of 2.71, we would need 0.045 ml (or 45 µl) of 9.53 M HCl.

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Related Questions

how can we calculate the pI of a basic (positive) amino acid?

Answers

For a basic Amino acid, To calculate the pI (isoelectric point) of a basic (positive) amino acid, this typically involves averaging the [tex]pK_a[/tex] value of the amino group ([tex]NH_3[/tex]+) and the [tex]pK_a[/tex] value of the side chain (R group).

1. Identify the amino acid and its relevant [tex]pK_a[/tex] values: Determine the amino acid you are working with and locate its [tex]pK_a[/tex] values for the carboxyl group (COOH), amino group ([tex]NH_3[/tex]+), and any ionizable side chains (e.g., R group).

2. Determine the predominant ionic species: At the isoelectric point, the amino acid will exist in a neutral state (no net charge). For basic amino acids, the side chain will typically carry a positive charge. Examples of basic amino acids are lysine, arginine, and histidine.

3. Identify relevant [tex]pK_a[/tex] values: For a basic amino acid, you will need to consider the [tex]pK_a[/tex] values of the amino group ([tex]NH_3[/tex]+), the carboxyl group (COOH), and the side chain (R group).

4. Calculate the average of the relevant [tex]pK_a[/tex] values: To determine the pI, find the average of the two [tex]pK_a[/tex] values that surround the isoelectric species. For a basic amino acid, this typically involves averaging the [tex]pK_a[/tex] value of the amino group ([tex]NH_3[/tex]+) and the [tex]pK_a[/tex] value of the side chain (R group).

5. Calculate the pI: The average value obtained in step 4 represents the pI of the basic amino acid. This value indicates the pH at which the amino acid has no net charge and is in its isoelectric state.

By following these steps, we can calculate the pI of a basic amino acid and determine its isoelectric state under specific pH conditions.

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radioactive element x has a half-life of approximately 50 days. radioactive element y has a half-life of approximately 100 days. a 0.8 g sample of element x and a 0.8 g sample of element y are weighed and examined. some time later, both samples are measured again and 0.2 g of element x remains. how much of element y remains?

Answers

The amount of element Y remaining is between 0.25 g and 0.4 g.

What is the half-life of a radioactive element?

The half-life of a radioactive element is the time taken for half of the initial sample to decay. Using this information, we can determine the amount of element X remaining after a certain time has elapsed.

If the half-life of element X is 50 days, then after 50 days, half of the initial sample will remain. After another 50 days (i.e., a total of 100 days), half of that remaining amount will remain, which is 0.25 g. After another 50 days (i.e., a total of 150 days), half of that remaining amount will remain, which is 0.125 g. Therefore, after some time has passed and 0.2 g of element X remains, the time elapsed must be between 100 and 150 days.

Now, let's determine how much of element Y remains after the same amount of time has elapsed. If the half-life of element Y is 100 days, then after 100 days, half of the initial sample will remain. After another 100 days (i.e., a total of 200 days), half of that remaining amount will remain, which is 0.25 g. Therefore, after the same time has elapsed as for element X, which is between 100 and 150 days, the amount of element Y remaining should be between 0.25 g and 0.4 g.

To narrow down the range further, we can use the fact that the initial mass of both samples was 0.8 g. If 0.2 g of element X remains, then 0.6 g must have decayed. Therefore, the total mass of the two samples after some time has elapsed is 0.8 g - 0.6 g = 0.2 g.

If we assume that element Y has also decayed by the same amount, then the mass of element Y remaining is 0.2 g - 0.2 g = 0 g. This would mean that all of element Y has decayed, which is possible given that its half-life is longer than that of element X. However, if we assume that element Y has decayed less than element X, then the mass of element Y remaining must be between 0.25 g and 0.4 g.

Therefore, we can conclude that the amount of element Y remaining is between 0.25 g and 0.4 g.

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Each strand contains around how many AA residues?

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The number of amino acid residues in a strand: Each protein strand typically contains anywhere from 50 to 2,000 amino acid residues. The exact number varies greatly depending on the specific protein and its function.

Depending on the function of the protein and the precise placement of the strand within the protein's structure, the number of amino acid residues in a protein strand might change. For instance, whereas some proteins may have strands with 20 or more amino acids, others may only have strands with a few amino acids.

A protein strand typically has between 5 and 30 amino acid residues. However, certain proteins also contain longer strands. For instance, the protein beta-sheet's beta-strands can be fairly lengthy and some of them can contain up to 100 amino acid residues.

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calculate the molar concentration of h3o ions and the ph of the following solutions: (a) 25.0 cm3 of 0.144 m hcl(aq) was added to 25.0 cm3 of 0.125 m naoh(aq), (b) 25.0 cm3 of 0.15 m hcl(aq) was added to 35.0 cm3 of 0.15 m koh(aq), and (c) 21.2 cm3 of 0.22 m hno3(aq) was added to 10.0 cm3 of 0.30 m naoh(aq).

Answers

The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm to the base 10 of the value of the hydronium ion concentration in moles per litre. If the pH is less than 7, then it is acidic and if it is greater than 7, then it will be basic.

1 cm³ = 0.001 L

a) Moles of HCl = 0.144 M × 0.025 L =  3.6 × 10⁻³

Moles of NaOH = 0.125 × 0.025 = 3.125 × 10⁻³

The balanced chemical equation is:

HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Moles of HCl remain unreacted is:

3.6 × 10⁻³ - 3.125 × 10⁻³ = 4.75 × 10⁻⁴

Molar concentration of HCl = 4.75 × 10⁻⁴ / 0.05 = 9.5 × 10⁻³ M

pH = - log [9.5 × 10⁻³] = 2.02

b) Moles of HCl = 0.00375

Moles of NaOH  = 0.00525

Moles of NaOH remain unreacted is:

0.00525 - 0.00375 = 0.0015

Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.0015 / 0.025 = 0.06 M

pOH = - log [OH⁻] = -log [ 0.06] = 1.22

pH = 14 -  1.22 = 12.78

[H₃O⁺] = 10⁻pH = 1.65 × 10⁻¹³

c) Moles of HCl = 0.22 × 0.0212 = 0.0046

Moles of NaOH = 0.30 × 0.01 = 0.003

Moles of HCl remain unreacted is:

0.0046 - 0.003 = 0.0016

Molar concentration of HCl =  0.0016 / 0.0312 = 0.0512

pH = - log [0.0512] =1.290

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What bomb class usually causes smoke and a small flash upon impact?

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Smoke and flare bomb class usually causes smoke and flash upon impact.

What bomb class usually causes smoke and a small flash upon impact?

When it comes to bombs, there are a variety of factors that can cause smoke and a small flash upon impact. The specific design and purpose of the bomb play a key role in determining these effects. One type of bomb that is particularly known for producing smoke and flash is the smoke or flare bomb.

What is smoke bomb?

Smoke bombs serve the purpose of emitting a dense cloud of smoke when triggered, which can be utilized for signaling, marking targets or obstructing visibility. Additionally, these devices could include a minor flash or light burst as part of their mechanism.

What is flare bomb?

When it comes to flare bombs, their purpose is to emit a brilliant burst of light when activated. This feature can be utilized for illuminating a specific target or area. Additionally, some flare bombs are designed to produce smoke as a secondary effect.

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you are asked to synthesize 8.30 grams of coumarin via pechmann reaction. assuming that your reaction will proceed with 100%, what volume (ml) of resorcinol is required? report your answer to two decimal places.

Answers

The volume (mL) of resorcinol when reaction is proceed with 100% is given by 6.13 mL.

The chemical compound resorcinol, sometimes known as resorcin, has the formula C6H4(OH)2. It is the 1,3-isomer (or meta-isomer), one of three isomeric benzenediols. Resorcinol forms colourless needles that are easily soluble in water, alcohol, and ether but insoluble in chloroform and carbon disulfide when it crystallises from benzene.

Because resorcinol is a costly chemical that is only manufactured in a few of places worldwide (to date, only four commercial factories are known to be operational: in the United States, Germany, China, and Japan), it plays a key role in deciding the price of PRF adhesives.

There are several more ways to get resorcinol. In the past, it was made by disulfonating benzene and then hydrolyzing the 1,3-disulfonate. Because it produces such a large amount of trash that contains sulphur, this approach has been abandoned. Resorcinol can also be made by distilling Brazilwood extract or melting a variety of resins (including galbanum and asafoetida) with potassium hydroxide.

Mass of Coumarin = 8.30g

density of ethyl acetoacetate = 1.02 g/ml

density of Resorcinol = 1.28 g/ml

Number of mole = mass / Molecular mass

= 8.30 / 176.17 = 0.048 mole.

Moles of Coumarin = 0.048 mole.

Now,

For 1 mole Coumarin required = 1 mole ethyl acetoacetate

0.048 mole Coumarin = 0.048 mole ethyl acetoacetate

Mass of ethyl acetoacetate = mole x Molar mass

= 0.048 x 130.14 g/mole

= 6.25 g of ethyl acetoacetate.

Calculate volume of resorcinol :

Volume = Mass/density = 6.25 / 1.02 = 6.13 mL.

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When moving from left to right across a period, the outer electrons feel a ____ attraction towards the nucleus and the atomic radius ____.

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When moving from left to right across a period, the outer electrons feel a stronger attraction towards the nucleus, and the atomic radius decreases.

This is because, as we move from left to right, the number of protons in the nucleus increases, which results in a stronger positive charge. The increasing positive charge pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus, making the atomic radius smaller.

Additionally, the number of electrons remains the same across a period, so there are no extra shielding electrons to counteract the attraction towards the nucleus. This means that the electrons have a higher effective nuclear charge, which further increases the attraction towards the nucleus.

As a result, the electrons are held more tightly, and it becomes harder to remove them, which means that the element is less likely to form positive ions.

Therefore, when moving from left to right across a period, the outer electrons feel a stronger attraction towards the nucleus, and the atomic radius decreases.

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Can you obtain an Rf value of 1.5? Explain why or why not

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No, it is not possible to obtain an Rf value of 1.5.

The Rf (retention factor) value is the ratio of the distance traveled by a compound on a chromatography plate to the distance traveled by the solvent front. It is a dimensionless quantity that ranges from 0 to 1. The Rf value represents how strongly the compound interacts with the stationary phase relative to the mobile phase.

Since the Rf value is a ratio, it cannot be greater than 1, which means that the maximum Rf value that can be obtained is 1. Any value greater than 1 would imply that the compound has traveled further than the solvent front, which is not possible.

Therefore, an Rf value of 1.5 cannot be obtained. If an Rf value of 1.5 is reported, it is likely a mistake or a misinterpretation of the chromatography data.

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The approach to balance redox reactions occurring in basic solution is to first balance them as if they were in acidic solution, then count the number of ______ and add this same number of ______ to each side of the half-reaction.

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To balance redox reactions occurring in a basic solution, first, balance them as if they were in an acidic solution. Then, count the number of protons (H+) and add this same number of hydroxide ions (OH-) to each side of the half-reaction.

This approach combines the half-reactions to form a balanced redox equation, with the addition of OH- ions neutralizing the H+ ions. This results in water (H2O) molecules, which then need to be balanced on both sides of the equation.

In summary, start by balancing the redox reaction in an acidic solution, count the H+ ions, and add an equal number of OH- ions to both sides to balance the equation for a basic solution.

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If the vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent, then what must happen in order for its vapor pressure to equal that ambient pressure?

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To equalize the vapor pressure of a solution with a lower vapor pressure than its pure solvent to the ambient pressure, you must heat the solution until its boiling point is reached. This process will cause an increase in vapor pressure due to the increase in kinetic energy of the solvent molecules, eventually equalizing it with the ambient pressure.

It is clear that the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent. In order for the vapor pressure of the solution to equal the ambient pressure, the following steps need to occur:

1. First, the solution must be heated. As the temperature of the solution increases, so does its vapor pressure.

2. The increase in vapor pressure is caused by an increase in the kinetic energy of the solvent molecules within the solution. This allows more molecules to escape from the liquid phase into the vapor phase.

3. Continue heating the solution until its vapor pressure matches the ambient pressure. At this point, the solution has reached its boiling point.

4. Once the boiling point is reached, the solution will begin to change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, as more and more solvent molecules escape into the vapor phase.

5. As long as the temperature and ambient pressure are maintained, the vapor pressure of the solution will continue to equal the ambient pressure.

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96) Which one of the following is NOT an empirical formula?A) CHOB) CH2O C) C2H4OD) C2H6O2E) C3H8O

Answers

The one which is not the empirical formula is C₂H₆O₂. The correct option is D.

A) CHO = 1 : 1 : 1 = simplest form , this is an empirical formula.

B) CH₂O = 1 : 2 : 1 = simplest form , this is an empirical formula.

C) C₂H₄O = 2 : 4 : 1 = simplest form , this is an empirical formula.

D) C₂H₆O₂ = 2 : 6 : 2 = not the simplest form, this is not the empirical formula.

E ) C₃H₈O = 3 : 8 : 1  = simplest form , this is an empirical formula.

The empirical formula for the chemical compound is the formula that is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms which is present in the compound.

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When solutions of strong electrolytes in water are formed, the ions are surrounded by water molecules. These interactions are described as a case of __________.
a. dehydration
b. supersaturation
c. crystallization
d. saturation
e. hydration

Answers

When strong electrolytes are dissolved in water, the ions become surrounded by water molecules in a process called hydration. The correct answer is e. hydration.

This helps to stabilize the ions in solution and prevent them from recombining into a solid state. Dehydration, on the other hand, refers to the removal of water molecules from a substance. Supersaturation is a state in which a solution contains more solute than it can normally hold at a given temperature and pressure, while crystallization is the process by which a solid forms from a solution, melt, or vapor. Saturation refers to a state in which a solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature and pressure.

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According to the following reaction, how much energy is required to decompose 55.0 kg of Fe3O4? The molar mass of Fe3O4 is 231.55 g/mol.Fe3O4(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 2 O2(g) ΔH°rxn = +1118 kJ

Answers

The amount of energy required to decompose 55.0 kg of  Fe₃O₄ is 265,032.6 kJ.

To determine the amount of energy required to decompose 55.0 kg of  Fe₃O₄, we need to use the given molar mass of  Fe₃O₄ and the enthalpy change of the reaction.

First, we need to convert 55.0 kg of  Fe₃O₄  to moles. We can do this by

dividing the mass by the molar mass:

55.0 kg Fe₃O₄ × (1000 g / 1 kg) ÷ (231.55 g/mol) = 237.7 mol  Fe₃O₄

Next, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to calculate the amount of energy required to decompose this amount of  Fe₃O₄. According to the reaction, for every 1 mole of  Fe₃O₄ decomposed, 1118 kJ of energy is required.

Therefore, for 237.7 moles of  Fe₃O₄, the amount of energy required is:

237.7 mol  Fe₃O₄ × (1118 kJ / 1 mol Fe3O4) = 265,032.6 kJ

So the amount of energy required to decompose 55.0 kg of Fe₃O₄ is 265,032.6 kJ.

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75) What mass of ethane, C2H6, contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F? A) 0.0727 gB) 0.655 gC) 1.52 gD) 13.7 g

Answers

The mass of ethane, C2H6, that contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F, is 0.655 g. To solve this problem, we can use the concept of moles and the molecular weights of each compound.

1. Calculate the moles of trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F) in 3.00 g:
Molecular weight of CCl3F = 12.01 (C) + 3*35.45 (Cl) + 19.00 (F) = 137.36 g/mol
Moles of CCl3F = mass / molecular weight = 3.00 g / 137.36 g/mol = 0.0218 moles

2. Since we need the same number of molecules, the moles of ethane (C2H6) will be the same as the moles of CCl3F, i.e., 0.0218 moles.

3. Calculate the mass of ethane (C2H6) that contains 0.0218 moles:
Molecular weight of C2H6 = 2*12.01 (C) + 6*1.008 (H) = 30.07 g/mol
Mass of C2H6 = moles * molecular weight = 0.0218 moles * 30.07 g/mol = 0.655 g

So, the mass of ethane, C2H6, that contains the same number of molecules as 3.00 g of trichlorofluoromethane, CCl3F, is 0.655 g (Option B).

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which of the following compounds exhibit hydrogen bonding? select all that apply. group of answer choices hcl ch4 h2te ch3oh hi hf h3coch3 ch2f2 nh3 ash3 h2o

Answers

Out of the given compounds, the ones that exhibit hydrogen bonding are H2O, NH3, CH3OH, and HF. Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative element (such as N, O, or F) and another highly electronegative element on a different molecule.

In H2O, the hydrogen atoms are bonded to an oxygen atom, which is highly electronegative, and thus, hydrogen bonding occurs between the molecules. Similarly, NH3 and CH3OH have highly electronegative nitrogen and oxygen atoms, respectively, that form hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules.

Finally, HF has a highly electronegative fluorine atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, which forms strong hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules.

On the other hand, HCl, CH4, H2Te, HI, CH2F2, AsH3, and (CH3)2O do not exhibit hydrogen bonding as they lack highly electronegative elements that can form hydrogen bonds.

Overall, the presence of hydrogen bonding in a compound affects its physical and chemical properties, such as boiling point, solubility, and reactivity.

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A Na+ ion moves from inside a cell, where the electric potential is -70 mV, to outside the cell, where the potential is 0 V.What is the change in the ion's electric potential energy as it moves from inside to outside the cell?does its energy increase or decrease

Answers

To determine the change in the Na+ ion's electric potential energy as it moves from inside to outside the cell, we'll use the following formula:

[tex]ΔPE = q * ΔV[/tex]

Where ΔPE is the change in electric potential energy, q is the charge of the ion (Na+ in this case), and ΔV is the change in electric potential.

Step 1: Determine the charge of the Na+ ion (q)
The charge of a sodium ion (Na+) is +1, so its charge is +1 times the elementary charge: [tex]q = +1 * 1.6 × 10^(-19) C.[/tex]

Step 2: Determine the change in electric potential (ΔV)
ΔV = V_outside - V_inside = 0 V - (-70 mV) = 0 V - (-0.07 V) = 0.07 V

Step 3: Calculate the change in electric potential energy (ΔPE)
[tex]ΔPE = q * ΔV = (+1 * 1.6 × 10^(-19) C) * (0.07 V) = 1.12 × 10^(-20) J[/tex]
The change in the ion's electric potential energy as it moves from inside to outside the cell is 1.12 × 10^(-20) J. Since this value is positive, the ion's electric potential energy increases as it moves from inside to outside the cell.

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Chloroform, formerly used as an anesthetic and now believed to be a carcinogen (cancer causing agent), has a heat of vaporization, ∆Hvaporization = 31.4 kJ/mole. The change, CHCl3(l) → CHCL3(g) has ∆So = 94.2 J/mole K. At what temperature do we expect CHCl3 to boil (i.e. at what temperature will liquid and vapor be in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure)?

Answers

Chloroform is expected to boil at 333.33 K (approx.)

To find the boiling point of chloroform (CHCl₂), which is now considered a carcinogen, we'll use the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Given the heat of vaporization (∆Hvaporization) as 31.4 kJ/mole and the entropy change (∆So) as 94.2 J/mole K, we can find the boiling point temperature.

Step 1: Convert the given values to the same units, preferably J/mole.
∆Hvaporization = 31.4 kJ/mole * 1000 J/kJ = 31400 J/mole

Step 2: Apply the Clausius-Clapeyron equation:
∆G = ∆H - T∆S

Since we are looking for the boiling point temperature at 1 atm pressure, we can assume that ∆G = 0 (as the process is in equilibrium). Rearrange the equation to solve for T:
T = ∆H / ∆S

Step 3: Calculate the temperature:
T = (31400 J/mole) / (94.2 J/mole K) ≈ 333.33 K

So, we expect chloroform to boil at approximately 333.33 K.

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classification of an acid or a base is useful when predicting how a chemical will react with another chemical. responses true true false

Answers

The statement "Classification of an acid or a base is useful when predicting how a chemical will react with another chemical" is true.\

Knowing whether a chemical is an acid or a base can help predict how it will react with other chemicals. Acids tend to donate protons (H+) while bases tend to accept protons, and these tendencies influence their reactions.

For example, acids react with bases to form salts and water, while bases react with acids to form salts and water as well. Additionally, acids can react with metals to form metal salts and hydrogen gas, while bases can react with certain organic compounds to form salts and water.

By understanding the properties and behavior of acids and bases, chemists can predict and control chemical reactions, which is important for many fields such as drug development, materials science, and environmental science.

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PLEASE ANSWER!!!! 50 POINTS!!!!!! QUICKLY
The reaction below generated 11.6 g Fe2S3 instead of the expected 16.8g. What is the percent yield?
2FeBr3 + 3N12S--> Fe2S3 + 6NaBr
A.) 69.0%
B.) 1.44%
C.) 5.2%
D.) 0.69%

Answers

Answer: A 69.0%

Explanation:

divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield to get the %yield

11.6/16.8= 0.6904 or 69.0%

28) In which set do all elements tend to form cations in binary ionic compounds?A) Li, Sn, OB) Ca, Zn, SnC) N, As, BiD) S, F, Br

Answers

Hi! I'm happy to help with your question. The set in which all elements tend to form cations in binary ionic compounds is A) Li, Sn, O.

Step 1: Understand that cations are positively charged ions formed when an element loses electrons.
Step 2: Determine which elements in the given sets typically lose electrons to form cations.
Step 3: Li (lithium) loses one electron to form Li+, Sn (tin) loses two or four electrons to form Sn2+ or Sn4+, and O (oxygen) gains two electrons to form O2-. However, in the context of binary ionic compounds, Li and Sn will bond with other elements and form cations, while O will form an anion.

So, the correct answer is A) Li, Sn, O.

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Provide a conceptual definition for each of the following: observed rotation, specific rotation, polarimeter, plane-polarized lights, optically active vs. optically inactive, and racemic mixture.

Answers

The conceptual definitions for the terms that are mentioned:

1. Observed rotation: Observed rotation is the measure of the angle by which an optically active substance rotates the plane of plane-polarized light that passes through it.

2. Specific rotation: Specific rotation is a standardized measure of a substance's ability to rotate plane-polarized light. It is the observed rotation divided by the concentration of the substance and the path length of the light.

3. Polarimeter: A polarimeter is an instrument used to measure the angle of rotation of plane-polarized light when it passes through an optically active substance.

4. Plane-polarized light: Plane-polarized light is light in which the vibrations of the electromagnetic waves occur in a single plane, rather than in all possible directions.

5. Optically active vs. optically inactive: Optically active substances can rotate the plane of plane-polarized light when the light passes through them, while optically inactive substances do not cause any rotation.

6. Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is a mixture that contains equal amounts of two enantiomers (mirror-image isomers) of an optically active compound, which results in no net rotation of plane-polarized light as the rotations caused by the two enantiomers cancel each other out.

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What life process breaks down dead organic matter for energy using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide? a. Respiration b. Combustion c. Decomposition d. Photosynthesis

Answers

Respiration breaks down dead organic matter for energy using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

What is Respiration?

Respiration is the biological process by which living organisms exchange gases, usually oxygen and carbon dioxide, with the environment. In animals, respiration involves the absorption of oxygen from the air or water, the transportation of oxygen to the cells of the body, the use of oxygen by the cells to generate energy through cellular respiration, and the elimination of carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of this process.

In the case of dead organic matter, microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi carry out respiration as a means of obtaining energy. These microorganisms use the organic matter as a source of food, breaking it down into simpler compounds through a process called decomposition. During this process, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is released as a byproduct.

Therefore, respiration breaks down dead organic matter for energy using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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True or false: The emf of a concentration cell is derived from a concentration gradient wherein the less concentrated cell acts as the anode and the more concentrated cell acts as the cathode.

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True. In a concentration cell, the emf is generated by a concentration gradient between the two half-cells. The half-cell with lower concentration will act as the anode and the one with higher concentration will act as the cathode.

What factors affect the emf of concentration cell?

The emf of a concentration cell is derived from a concentration gradient wherein the less concentrated cell acts as the anode and the more concentrated cell acts as the cathode. The emf of a concentration cell is indeed derived from a concentration gradient. In this setup, the less concentrated cell acts as the anode, and the more concentrated cell acts as the cathode. This creates an electrochemical potential difference, which generates the electromotive force (emf) in the concentration cell.

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If a scientist adds a chemical that specifically inhibits diffusion of protons out of the thylakoid through the ATP synthase complex, the result would be:

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If a scientist adds a chemical that specifically inhibits diffusion of protons out of the thylakoid through the ATP synthase complex, the result would be a decrease in the production of ATP during photosynthesis.

This is because the inhibition of proton diffusion through ATP synthase will disrupt the proton motive force that drives ATP synthesis. As a result, the energy available for the Calvin cycle will be reduced, which can ultimately lead to a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis.

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the decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is described by the chemical equation 2 n2o5(g) 4 no2(g) o2(g) if the rate of appearance of no2 is equal to 0.560 mol/min at a particular moment, what is the rate of appearance of o2 at that moment?

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If the rate of appearance of NO₂ is 0.560 mol/min at a particular moment, then the rate of appearance of O₂ at that moment is 0.070 mol/min.

The chemical equation for the decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide is 2 N₂O₅(g) → 4 NO₂(g) + O₂(g).

From this equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of N₂O₅ that decompose, 1 mole of O₂ is produced.

If the rate of appearance of NO₂ is 0.560 mol/min at a particular moment, then we know that the rate of disappearance of

N₂O₅ is 0.560/4 = 0.140 mol/min (since 4 moles of NO₂ are produced for every 2 moles of N₂O₅ that decompose).

Therefore, at that particular moment, the rate of appearance of O₂ is equal to half the rate of disappearance of N₂O₅, which is 0.140/2 = 0.070 mol/min.

This is because the stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that for every 2 moles of N₂O₅ that decompose, 1 mole of O₂ is produced. So, the rate of appearance of O₂ is half the rate of disappearance of N₂O₅.

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which type of burn causes extensive tissue damage from liquefaction necrosis? a. chemical burn from an acid b. thermal burn from scalding c. thermal burn from an explosion d. chemical burn from an alkali

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Thermal burns from scalding or explosions can cause tissue damage through other mechanisms, such as direct heat transfer or shock waves, but they do not typically result in liquefaction necrosis.

What is Liquefaction?

Liquefaction refers to the process by which a solid substance is transformed into a liquid state. This can occur through various mechanisms, such as increasing the temperature of a solid material beyond its melting point or applying external forces that disrupt the intermolecular forces holding the solid together.

The type of burn that causes extensive tissue damage from liquefaction necrosis is a chemical burn from an alkali. Alkali burns are particularly dangerous because they can cause rapid tissue destruction and liquefaction necrosis due to the alkaline substance's ability to penetrate deeply into tissues and react with fatty acids in cell membranes.

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Diamond has a density of 3.500 g/cm^3. What is the volume of a 8.5 g piece of diamond?

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The volume of an 8.5g piece of diamond with a volume of 3.500 g/[tex]cm^3[/tex] is 2.42 cubic cm.

Density refers to the measurement o how tightly the material is packed. It is not affected by the mass and the volume of the object. It is affected by factors such as temperature. It is calculated as follows:

ρ = [tex]\frac{m}{V}[/tex]

where ρ is the density

m is the mass

v is the volume

Given in the question,

ρ = 3.500 g/[tex]cm^3[/tex]

m = 8.5 g

3.500 = [tex]\frac{8.5}{V}[/tex]

V = 8.5 / 3.5

V = 2.42 cubic cm

Thus, the answer to the given question is 2.42 cubic cm

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Identify general features of a lithium-ion battery. Select all that apply.Lithium ion batteries produce almost three times the voltage as nickel-metal hydride batteries.The electrodes are separated by an organic electrolyte that allows Li+ to migrate from anode to cathode.These batteries have a very high energy density.

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Features that apply to lithium-ion battery are:
2. The electrodes are separated by an organic electrolyte that allows Li+ to migrate from anode to cathode.
3. These batteries have a very high energy density.


The statement "Lithium ion batteries produce almost three times the voltage as nickel-metal hydride batteries" is not a general feature of lithium-ion batteries, as voltage output can vary depending on the specific design and application of the battery.

Secondly, in lithium-ion batteries, the electrodes are separated by an organic electrolyte, which enables the migration of Li+ ions from the anode to the cathode during discharging and vice versa during charging. Therefore, statement 2 is also correct.

Lastly, lithium-ion batteries are known for their high energy density. They can store more energy in a given volume or weight compared to other rechargeable batteries like nickel-metal hydride or nickel-cadmium batteries. This makes them an ideal choice for many applications such as portable electronics and electric vehicles. So, statement 3 is correct as well.

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a sample of nitrogen gas at 298 k and 745 torr has a volume of 37.42 l. what volume will it occupy if the pressure is increased to 894 torr at constant temperature?

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The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of the gas at a constant temperature. This means that when the pressure of the gas increases, the volume of the gas decreases.

In the given case, when the pressure is increased from 745 torr to 894 torr, the volume of the nitrogen gas will decrease from 37.42 l to 32.73 l at a constant temperature of 298K.

This is because as the pressure of the gas increases, the gas molecules are pushed closer together, occupying a smaller volume, resulting in a decrease in volume of the gas.

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list three characteristics that limit the usefulness of indicators​

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Answer:

1. Indicator color can be distorted if a solution is not colorless.

2. At temperatures other than 25 degrees Celsius, an indicator may change color at a different pH.

3. Dissolved salts in a solution can affect the dissociation of the indicator.

Explanation:

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