The correct answer is C. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles. This is because in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate, while in meiosis II, sister chromatids separate, resulting in the production of haploid gametes with half the chromosome number of the parent cell. During meiosis I, spindle microtubules attach to homologous chromosomes, allowing them to separate, and crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, resulting in genetic diversity.
In meiosis II, spindle microtubules attach to sister chromatids, pulling them apart to opposite poles of the cell. Chromosomes do become shorter and thicker by coiling during both meiosis I and II, but this is not a distinguishing event between the two.
What types of problems would scientists have today if Carolus Linnaeus didn't develop his classification system?
Scientists today would have a lot of trouble organizing and communicating about the enormous variety of living things on Earth if Carolus Linnaeus hadn't created his classification system.
There was no established system for classifying and naming species prior to Linnaeus creation of his classification system. Lack of a standardized terminology or classification system made it challenging for scientists to communicate with one another about various organisms.
Without a standardized system of classification, researchers would find it challenging to share information about various species and their traits which would make it much more challenging to advance our understanding of biology and biodiversity.
Additionally, accurately classifying and identifying newly discovered organisms would be much more difficult which could impede conservation efforts and our ability to comprehend the ecological functions of various species.
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Which amino acids contain two nitrogen atoms and carry an equal amount of positive and negative charge at neutral pH?
There are two amino acids that contain two nitrogen atoms and carry an equal amount of positive and negative charge at neutral pH: histidine and cysteine.
Histidine has a side chain that contains an imidazole group, which has a pKa of around 6.0, making it protonated and positively charged at neutral pH. The alpha-amino group and the alpha-carboxyl group are both deprotonated and negatively charged at neutral pH.
Cysteine has a thiol group in its side chain, which has a pKa of around 8.3, making it deprotonated and negatively charged at neutral pH. The alpha-amino group is positively charged and the alpha-carboxyl group is negatively charged, resulting in an overall neutral charge.
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What is the primary method of transporting free fatty acids in the blood?
Explanation:
The main plasma lipid transport forms are free fatty acid, triglyceride and cholesteryl ester. Free fatty acid, derived primarily from adipocyte triglycerides, is transported as a physical complex with plasma albumin. Triglycerides and cholesteryl esters are transported in the core of plasma lipoproteins
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What cells of the eye are important for edge detection/contrast?
Edge detection and contrast are important visual features that allow us to perceive and distinguish different objects and shapes in the visual scene, and these visual features are processed by a network of cells in the retina, including the bipolar cells and the ganglion cells.
Bipolar cells are the second-order neurons in the retina, which receive inputs from the photoreceptor cells and transmit signals to the ganglion cells. Bipolar cells play an important role in edge detection and contrast by enhancing the differences in light levels across adjacent regions of the retina, which allows us to perceive sharp boundaries between objects.
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How many human cases of rabies a year worldwide?
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that there are approximately 59,000 human deaths worldwide each year due to rabies.
However, it is important to note that the majority of these cases occur in Asia and Africa, where access to rabies vaccinations and proper medical treatment may be limited. In countries with effective rabies control programs, such as the United States and most of Western Europe, the number of human cases of rabies is much lower.
In fact, there are typically only one or two cases of rabies reported in humans each year in the United States, with the vast majority of cases occurring in wild animals such as raccoons, skunks, and bats.
It is important to remember that rabies is a preventable disease, and vaccination is the best way to protect yourself and your pets. If you are bitten by an animal, it is important to seek medical attention immediately to receive proper treatment and prevent the onset of rabies symptoms.
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How is the competitive exclusion principle affected by species population's proximity to carrying capacity?
Two species that are vying for resources cannot coexist permanently, according to the competitive exclusion principle. One species will outcompete and extirpate the other, resulting in the extinction of the weaker species.
How does the competitive exclusion principle affect different species?According to the competitive exclusion principle, two species cannot share an exact niche in an environment and successfully coexist. This is because species that occupy the same niches also have the same demands, and as a result, they would fight for the same resources.
How much weight can an ecosystem support?A species' carrying capacity in a certain environment is determined by its average population size. Environmental variables including sufficient food, shelter, water, and mates can serve as population limits for some animals.
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What is "edge to area ratio" and how is it related to deforestation and fragmentation?
What is the relationship between patch size and edge to area ratio?
Why is the edge to area ratio ecologically important?
The edge-to-area ratio is a measure of how much edge habitat there is compared to the total area of a habitat patch. It is related to deforestation and fragmentation because when habitats are fragmented, the amount of edge habitat increases.
This can lead to negative environmental impacts such as increased exposure to invasive species and disturbance, decreased habitat quality for sensitive species, and altered microclimates.
In the context of deforestation, the edge-to-area ratio is important because it can be used to determine the amount of edge habitat created by clearcutting or selective logging.
High edge-to-area ratios can be an indication of habitat fragmentation, which is a threat to biodiversity.
Therefore, understanding the edge-to-area ratio is crucial in managing and conserving habitats to maintain healthy ecosystems.
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the organism called neisseria meningitidis is a gram bacterium appearing as joined pairs of round cells called .
Since Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative diplococcus bacterium, it manifests as two connected, spherical cells. It is a pathogen that affects humans and is the main culprit behind bacterial meningitis.
What is cells?The fundamental structural and operational unit of life is the cells. They are the components of living beings and are in charge of the development and procreation of all living things. Nucleus, cytoplasm, organelles, and a cell membrane are just a few of the parts that make up a cell. The creation of proteins and other vital molecules takes place in the nucleus, which serves as the cell's command centre.
The liquid matrix that surrounds the nucleus and supports the organelles is known as the cytoplasm. Organelles are specialised spaces within cells that perform particular tasks. Finally, the cell membrane controls the movement of molecules into and out of the cell as a selectively permeable barrier. Together, these parts make up the cell and are in charge of preserving its form and functionality.
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The complete question is,
The gram-positive bacterium known as neisseria meningitidis appears as connected pairs of spherical cells.
The organism called neisseria meningitidis is a gram bacterium appearing as joined pairs of round cells called diplococci.
Define neisseria meningitidis.
Meningococcal disease is brought on by Neisseria meningitidis bacteria. Without being ill, one in ten people have these germs in the back of their nose and throat. Being a carrier is what we refer to as. Meningococcal disease is the term for a number of ailments that are occasionally brought on by the bacterium invading the body.
Any of the several encapsulated bacteria, such as the pneumococcus, that typically exist in pairs and that, up until recently, were all classified under the taxon Diplococcus, but are now spread throughout other genera. Diplococci were discovered in 48 of 106 cultures of cerebrospinal fluid, as well as in the cord, tonsils, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, pancreas, and mesenteric glands in instances that were fatal.
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how is glucose kept inside the cell, against a concentration gradient? a. glucose is kept inside the cell by active transport pumps. b. glucose is kept inside the cell by conversion to glucose 6-phosphate. c. glucose is kept inside the cell through rapid conversion to pyruvate. d. there are no glucose transporters to pump glucose out of the cell. e. glucose is converted to fructose and there are no fructose transporters
Glucose is kept inside the cell against a concentration gradient through active transport pumps. These pumps use energy to move glucose molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration inside the cell.
Another way glucose can be kept inside the cell is through conversion to glucose 6-phosphate, which traps the glucose molecule inside the cell. Rapid conversion to pyruvate and the absence of glucose transporters to pump glucose out of the cell are not mechanisms for keeping glucose inside the cell.
The conversion of glucose to fructose and the absence of fructose transporters is also not a mechanism for keeping glucose inside the cell.
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Neck Pain: Changes in Strength & Endurance- decreased (concentric/isometric/eccentric) strength & endurance in...
- What are the 3 muscle groups??
The three muscle groups commonly affected by neck pain are the sternocleidomastoid, the scalene, and the upper trapezius.
The sternocleidomastoid is a long, superficial muscle located on both sides of the neck, stretching from the jaw to the collarbone and the base of the skull. The scalene muscles are three small muscles located on each side of the neck and connect the cervical vertebrae with the first rib.
The upper trapezius is a large muscle located on each side of the neck, stretching from the base of the skull to the middle of the back. When these muscle groups are affected by neck pain, they can experience decreased strength and endurance in concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions.
Concentric contractions involve the muscles shortening, such as when you lift your arm up. Isometric contractions involve the muscle staying the same length, such as when you hold your arm in a certain position. Eccentric contractions involve the muscles lengthening, such as when you lower your arm down.
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produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra is known as____
Answer:
nephron
Explanation:
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If uridine is added to growth of medium cells, macromolecules labeled?
Uridine is a nucleoside that is a structure block for RNA union. During transcription, uridine can be incorporated into RNA molecules when added to the cells' growth medium.
As a result, the RNA molecules would be labeled if cells were grown in a medium that contained labeled uridine (that is, uridine that contained a tag that was either radioactive or fluorescent). This is because during transcription, uridine would be incorporated into the expanding RNA chains, and the labeled uridine would be present in the resulting RNA molecules.
The most commonly absorbed form of pyrimidine nucleosides by the brain is uridine. Nucleotides formed by the phosphorylation of uridine are utilized not only for the synthesis of DNA and RNA but also for glycosylation and the production of membrane components.
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What is the lightsource of a plant growing in a shadow
A plant growing in shade may derive its light source from diffused or indirect sources, such as reflected light from surfaces or dispersed light from surrounding objects.
What causes plants to grow at night?For a while, plants in a gloomy environment may grow "taller" and more spindly, and their stems and leaves may turn yellow and become less leafy as a result of the lack of light. The auxins, which are chemicals that control plant growth, are what trigger the growth in the dark.
A grow light is what kind of lighting?Because it's simple to get fluorescent tubes with full spectrum lighting or ones made expressly for growing plants, fluorescent lights are frequently utilised as grow lamps.
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What 2 main factors control the amount or rate of GPP?
Why does each of these affect GPP?
Two main factors that control the amount or rate of gross primary production (GPP) are light availability and temperature.
Light plays a major role in photosynthesis, as it provides the energy necessary to drive the process. If there is not enough light, GPP will be reduced. Temperature also plays a role in GPP, as it affects the rate of photosynthesis. When temperatures are cooler, photosynthesis occurs at a slower rate, resulting in a decreased GPP.
Similarly, when temperatures become too hot, photosynthesis can cease altogether, resulting in a decrease in GPP. Both light and temperature can also be affected by seasonal changes and natural phenomena such as cloud cover and El Nino. These seasonal changes can cause fluctuations in GPP over time, leading to varying amounts of GPP in different regions.
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With Cushing's Syndrome, we have too many ____________
In Cushing's Syndrome, we have too much cortisol in the body.
This can lead to a number of serious health problems, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, bone thinning, and increased risk for infections. If left untreated, Cushing's Syndrome can lead to serious complications, such as heart disease, stroke, and even death.
Treatment typically involves the use of medications to reduce cortisol levels in the body, as well as lifestyle changes to help manage the symptoms of Cushing's Syndrome.
Cushing's Syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by an excess of cortisol in the body. Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which helps the body respond to stress.
When there is too much cortisol in the body, it can cause a variety of physical and psychological symptoms, such as weight gain in the face and upper body, thinning of the skin and easy bruising, muscle weakness, fatigue, and depression.
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consider the stable equilibrium you identified in the previous question. according to the lotka-volterra model, how do the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific competition impact equilibrium stability? a. a stable equilibrium results when intraspecific competition is weaker than interspecific competition. b. a stable equilibrium results when intraspecific competition is the same strength as interspecific competition. c. a stable equilibrium results when intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. d. the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific competition have no effect on equilibrium stability.
In general, a stable equilibrium results when the rate of population growth for each species is equal to zero, which means that the populations are not increasing or decreasing over time. the correct answer is c.
According to the model, a stable equilibrium results when intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. This means that individuals within a species are more likely to compete with each other for resources than with individuals from the other species. When this is the case, the species are able to coexist without one species completely outcompeting the other.
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the walker box residues in the atp binding pocket of an atpase organize a mg2 . what is the effect of mg2 ? a) nucleophilic attack of the gamma phosphate. b) organize a water to make it the electrophile. c) neutralizes phosphate negative charges. d) polarizes the alpha phosphate. e) polarization of the gamma phosphate.
The walker box residues in the ATP binding pocket of an ATPase play a critical role in ATP hydrolysis by organizing a Mg2+ ion.
The Mg2+ ion helps in stabilizing the transition state by neutralizing the negative charge on the phosphate group of ATP. This is achieved by coordinating with the oxygen atoms of the phosphate group. Additionally, the Mg2+ ion helps in polarizing the gamma phosphate, which facilitates its nucleophilic attack by a water molecule.
The resulting intermediate then undergoes a rearrangement leading to the formation of ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi). Therefore, Mg2+ is essential for the ATPase activity of the enzyme and is involved in several steps of the hydrolysis reaction.
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How can the diagnosis for EHV-1 be made in a live animal? What is the prognosis?
Equine Herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) is a highly contagious viral disease that can affect horses, donkeys, and mules. The diagnosis of EHV-1 in a live animal
Clinical signs: EHV-1 can cause a wide range of clinical signs, including fever, respiratory signs such as cough and nasal discharge, neurological signs such as ataxia and weakness, and abortion in pregnant mares. These signs can be suggestive of EHV-1 but are not specific to the disease.Laboratory tests: Several laboratory tests can be performed to confirm the diagnosis of EHV-1, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasal swabs or blood samples to detect the virus's genetic material, virus isolation from nasal swabs or blood, and serological testing to detect antibodies against the virus in the blood. PCR testing is the most sensitive and specific test for EHV-1, and it can detect the virus within the first few days of infection.Imaging: In cases of neurological EHV-1, imaging techniques such as radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize the spinal cord and brain and detect any lesions or abnormalities.The prognosis for EHV-1 can vary depending on several factors, including the severity of clinical signs, the age and health status of the affected animal, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions. In general, horses that develop neurological signs have a poorer prognosis than those with only respiratory signs. Abortion in pregnant mares can also have a significant impact on the animal's reproductive performance.
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the form in which an insect stops feeding and rests while its body transforms into an adult is the? abeka 10th grade quiz 30
The form in which an insect stops feeding and rests while its body transforms into an adult is the pupa or chrysalis stage.
This is a stage of complete metamorphosis that occurs in insects such as butterflies, moths, beetles, and flies. During this stage, the insect's body undergoes dramatic changes, including the development of wings, legs, and other adult features. The pupa or chrysalis is often enclosed in a protective casing or cocoon and may remain in this stage for several weeks or even months, depending on the species and environmental conditions.
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Which contraceptive can decrease bone mineral density?
Depo-Provera, also known as the birth control shot, can decrease bone mineral density.
The active ingredient in Depo-Provera is medroxyprogesterone acetate, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, which is used to prevent pregnancy. The medication works by thickening cervical mucus, which makes it difficult for sperm to enter the uterus, and by suppressing ovulation.
However, long-term use of Depo-Provera has been associated with a decrease in bone mineral density, which can increase the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures. The exact mechanism behind this effect is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to the medication's suppression of estrogen production.
Women who use Depo-Provera are advised to maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake and to engage in weight-bearing exercise to help reduce the risk of bone loss.
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: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension)
19) Why is sodium actively reabsorbed in the nephron?
A) to decrease osmolarity inside the nephron
B) to make urine less concentrated
C) to increase passive reabsorption of water
D) to decrease blood pressure
Sodium is actively reabsorbed in the nephron primarily to increase the passive reabsorption of water. The correct option is C).
This process is crucial for maintaining the body's fluid balance and regulating blood pressure. When sodium is reabsorbed, it creates an osmotic gradient that promotes the passive reabsorption of water from the nephron back into the bloodstream.
This helps to concentrate the urine and maintain an appropriate amount of water in the body. In turn, this contributes to the regulation of blood pressure, as a proper fluid balance is essential for maintaining stable blood pressure levels.
Overall, active sodium reabsorption in the nephron plays a critical role in ensuring our body's fluid balance and blood pressure are well-regulated.
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What parasite is sometimes seen on the surface of the eye, especially on the West coast? How is it treated?
The parasite that is sometimes seen on the surface of the eye, especially on the west coast, is called acanthamoeba.
acanthamoeba is a microscopic amoeba that is commonly found in water and soil.
acanthamoeba infection of the eye is called acanthamoeba keratitis, and it typically affects contact lens wearers who have been exposed to contaminated water. symptoms of acanthamoeba keratitis include eye pain, redness, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, and the feeling of a foreign body in the eye.
acanthamoeba keratitis is treated with a combination of prescription eye drops and oral medications. the specific treatment regimen may vary depending on the severity of the infection, but it usually involves using medicated eye drops that contain antifungal or antibiotic age.
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A park ranger observes a deer with a huge tick on it a tick attaches to the skin of the deer and feed off the blood
Who’s the parasite and who’s the host ? Who benefits and harmed
Suppression of a nonsense mutation involves a change in nucleotide sequence of a tRNA molecule.
Part A What part of the tRNA molecule is changed?
The part of the tRNA molecule that is changed in suppression of a nonsense mutation is the anticodon region.
The anticodon region of the tRNA molecule is responsible for base-pairing with the codon on the mRNA molecule during translation. This base-pairing ensures that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain. In the case of a nonsense mutation, the codon is changed to a premature stop codon, which prematurely terminates translation and leads to a truncated protein.
However, in some cases, a mutation in a tRNA gene can lead to a change in the anticodon sequence, which allows the tRNA molecule to recognize and base-pair with the premature stop codon. This allows translation to continue beyond the premature stop codon and produces a full-length protein. This process is known as suppression of the nonsense mutation, and it can be used as a therapeutic approach to treat genetic diseases caused by premature stop codons.
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which of the following is/are true concerning neuropeptides? choose the correct option. neuropeptide nts typically consist of 3 to 36 amino acids neuropeptide nts are synthesized and packaged in the soma neuropeptide nts include opioid peptides and substance p neuropeptide nts are released by sensory neurons in the spinal cord all of the above choices are correct
The correct option is "All of the above choices are correct."
Neuropeptides are small protein-like molecules that act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the nervous system. They are synthesized in the cell body of the neuron, packaged into vesicles, and transported down the axon to the nerve terminal.
Neuropeptides are released from the nerve terminal when an action potential arrives, and they diffuse across the synaptic cleft to bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron.
Neuropeptides typically consist of 3 to 36 amino acids and include molecules such as opioid peptides and substance P. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including pain regulation, mood, appetite, and stress response.
Neuropeptides are released by a variety of neurons in the nervous system, including sensory neurons in the spinal cord. They play an important role in modulating pain signals and are the target of many pain medications.
Understanding the role of neuropeptides in the nervous system has important implications for the treatment of a range of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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define neurulation and the following terms as they relate to it:- notochord- neural folds- neural groove- neural tube- neural crest cells.after these are formed, what do ectodermal cells do to protect it?
During embryonic growth, the process known as neurulation is the process by which the neural tube, which is the herald of the central tense system, is formed. The notochord, a rod-like structure that runs along the developing embryo's dorsal axis, is the first step in this process.
As neurulation advances, the brain folds start to shape on one or the other side of the notochord, which ultimately meet and wire at the midline to frame the brain tube. The groove that forms between the neural folds is called the neural groove, and it eventually gets deeper as the folds continue to grow and fuse.
The brain tube is an empty construction that will at last form into the mind and spinal line, while the brain peak cells are a gathering of cells that structure at the edges of the brain overlays and will later lead to different designs like tactile neurons and glia.
The development of the neural tube is greatly aided by ectodermal cells. They create the surface ectoderm, a layer of tissue that covers the entire embryo, and the neural plate, a layer of tissue that sits above the notochord and neural folds. The neural plate and the surface ectoderm are separated by a fluid secreted by the surface ectoderm, which helps to shield the developing neural tube from mechanical damage and infection.
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What are the 3 "S's" nurse mike wants you to remember that the adrenal cortex is responsible for?
Nurse Mike likely wants you to remember the following 3 ""S's"" that the adrenal cortex is responsible for:
Salt (Mineralocorticoids):
Sugar (Glucocorticoids):
Sex (Androgens):.
Nurse Mike likely wants you to remember the following 3 ""S's"" that the adrenal cortex is responsible for:
Salt (Mineralocorticoids): The adrenal cortex secretes hormones called mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, which help regulate the body's salt and water balance.
Sugar (Glucocorticoids): The adrenal cortex also secretes hormones called glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, which help regulate the body's metabolism, including the breakdown of sugars, fats, and proteins.
Sex (Androgens): In addition to mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, the adrenal cortex also secretes hormones called androgens, such as testosterone, which play a role in the development of male and female sex characteristics.
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Which amino acid is neutral but zwitterionic at pH 7, despite possessing two nitrogen atoms in its formula?
a. Gln
b. Lys
c. Tyr
d. Arg
Gln (Glutamine) is neutral but zwitterionic [tex]$pH\ 7$[/tex] despite possessing two nitrogen atoms in its formula. The correct answer is (a) Gln (Glutamine).
Glutamine is a polar, uncharged amino acid with two nitrogen atoms in its formula. At [tex]$pH\ 7$[/tex], which is close to the physiological pH, the amino group [tex]$(-NH_2)$[/tex] is protonated and carries a positive charge [tex]$(NH_3^+)$[/tex], while the carboxyl group (-COOH) is deprotonated and carries a negative charge (COO-), resulting in a neutral but zwitterionic molecule.
The presence of a second nitrogen atom in the side chain of Gln allows it to act as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, making it a versatile molecule involved in many biological processes.
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What type of muscle extends from one body region to another?
Answer:
Strap muscle
Explanation:
The type of muscle that extends from one body region to another is called a strap muscle. Strap muscles are long, thin muscles that usually run parallel to the long axis of the body, spanning from one region to another. Examples of strap muscles include the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck, and the sartorius muscle in the thigh. These muscles are designed to provide stability and support across long distances in the body.
what do you call plasma which has had the clotting protein fibrinogen removed?
Plasma that has had the clotting protein fibrinogen removed is called platelet-poor plasma (PPP).
Fibrinogen is an important protein involved in the blood clotting process, and its removal from plasma results in a plasma sample that has reduced clotting capacity. PPP is often used in laboratory testing to measure various components of the blood, such as clotting factors or antibodies, without the interference of clotting proteins. It can also be used in medical treatments, such as plasma exchange, to remove specific components from a patient's blood.
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