which of the following statements is true of tactical planning? group of answer choices it is designed to determine annual budgets and long-range strategic goals. it is conducted exclusively by the supervisory personnel. it is used to generate weekly plans, unit budgets, departmental rules and procedures. it is performed to substitute the strategic planning process in large organizations.

The first stage of the allocation process in activity-based costing is often based on interviews because it involves identifying the activities that are involved in producing a particular product or providing a service.

These activities are then grouped into cost pools, which are used to assign overhead costs to individual products or services. Interviews are an effective way to identify these activities because they allow managers to gather detailed information about the various tasks that are performed within the organization.

By talking to employees who are involved in different parts of the production process, managers can gain a better understanding of the resources that are consumed by each activity, as well as the relative importance of each activity in the overall process.

In addition, interviews can help managers to identify activities that may not be immediately obvious, but which are nevertheless important to the production process. For example, interviews might reveal that certain tasks are performed primarily to support other activities, rather than directly contributing to the production of a specific product or service.

Overall, interviews are a crucial part of the activity-based costing process because they help managers to identify the true costs of each activity and to allocate overhead costs in a more accurate and equitable manner. By gathering detailed information about the production process, managers can make more informed decisions about pricing, product design, and resource allocation, which can ultimately lead to increased profitability and competitiveness.

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When evaluating bad-news messages, it is important to consider three key criteria: controllability, likelihood, and severity.

Controllability refers to the level of control that the sender has over the situation that led to the bad news. If the sender has a high degree of control, they may be able to offer solutions or alternatives to mitigate the impact of the bad news. If the sender has little control, they may need to focus on empathy and expressing regret.
Likelihood refers to the probability that the bad news will actually occur. If the likelihood is low, the sender may be able to offer reassurance or alternative options. If the likelihood is high, the sender may need to focus on preparing the recipient for the worst-case scenario.
Severity refers to the impact that the bad news will have on the recipient. If the impact is minimal, the sender may be able to offer apologies and reassurance. If the impact is significant, the sender may need to offer practical solutions or resources to help the recipient deal with the fallout.
When evaluating bad-news messages, it is important to take all three of these criteria into account. By doing so, the sender can craft a message that is sensitive, empathetic, and offers practical solutions or resources where possible.

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Expectations of what a consumer thinks should happen given past experiences with a product or service are called "customer expectations."

Customer expectations refer to what a consumer expects to receive from a product or service based on their past experiences with similar products or services. These expectations can be formed through previous interactions with a company, recommendations from friends or family, or through marketing and advertising.

Customer expectations can include a range of factors such as product quality, reliability, price, customer service, delivery times, and overall satisfaction. Meeting or exceeding customer expectations is essential for building and maintaining customer loyalty and positive brand reputation.

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The impact of the policy on the interest rates faced by borrowers is ambiguous and depends on how the money-lenders respond to the development bank's low-interest source of funds.

The adoption of a policy by a development bank to assist rural borrowers by offering a low-interest source of funds to informal money-lenders in a monopolistically competitive market can have an ambiguous impact on the interest rates faced by borrowers.

In a monopolistically competitive market, there are relatively low barriers to entry by lenders, which implies that informal money-lenders can enter and exit the market easily. This also means that the market is characterized by some degree of market power, where lenders can set their own prices.

The policy of the development bank will reduce the cost of funds for the money-lenders, which could lead to a reduction in the interest rates charged to borrowers. However, the impact on the interest rates faced by borrowers depends on how the money-lenders respond to the policy.

One possible response is that the money-lenders could reduce their interest rates to stay competitive with the development bank's low-interest source of funds. This would be beneficial to the borrowers as they would pay lower interest rates.

Another possible response is that the money-lenders could use the low-interest source of funds to expand their lending operations, leading to an increase in the demand for loans. This could lead to an increase in the interest rates charged to borrowers due to the increase in demand.

Additionally, the policy could lead to a reduction in the average fixed costs of the money-lenders as they can now access low-interest funds, which could lead to a reduction in the interest rates charged to borrowers.

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A 1% increase in sales will result in a 0.133% increase in operating income. The company needs to sell 375 tables and 1,500 chairs to breakeven.

The margin of safety is the amount of sales above the breakeven point. It indicates the cushion that a company has to absorb unexpected drops in sales. To calculate the margin of safety in units, we first need to determine the breakeven point.

The breakeven point is where the company's total revenue equals its total costs.

Total revenue = Price x Quantity = $500 x 1,000 = $500,000

Total variable cost = Variable cost per unit x Quantity = $300 x 1,000 = $300,000

Total fixed cost = $50,000

Breakeven point = (Total fixed cost) / (Price - Variable cost per unit) = $50,000 / ($500 - $300) = 250 units

Expected sales are 1,000 units, so the margin of safety in units is:

Margin of safety = Expected sales - Breakeven point = 1,000 - 250 = 750 units

The company has a cushion of 750 units above the breakeven point to absorb any unexpected drop in sales.

The degree of operating leverage (DOL) measures the change in operating income for a change in sales. It helps to assess the company's cost structure and the impact of fixed costs on profitability.

DOL = Contribution Margin / Operating Income

Contribution margin = Price - Variable cost per unit = $500 - $300 = $200

Operating income = Total revenue - Total variable cost - Total fixed cost = $500,000 - $300,000 - $50,000 = $150,000

DOL = $200 / $150,000 = 0.00133

To calculate the breakeven point in units for each product, we first need to calculate the weighted average contribution margin per unit for the product mix.

Weighted average contribution margin = (Contribution margin per unit of Table x Proportion of Tables) + (Contribution margin per unit of Chair x Proportion of Chairs)

Proportion of Tables = 1 / (1 + Chairs per Table) = 1 / (1 + 1) = 0.5

Proportion of Chairs = 1 - Proportion of Tables = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

Contribution margin per unit of Table = Price of Table - Variable cost per unit of Table = $500 - $300 = $200

Contribution margin per unit of Chair = Price of Chair - Variable cost per unit of Chair = $100 - $50 = $50

Weighted average contribution margin = ($200 x 0.5) + ($50 x 0.5) = $125

Breakeven point for Tables = (Total fixed cost) / (Contribution margin per unit of Table) = $75,000 / $200 = 375 units

Breakeven point for Chairs = (Total fixed cost) / (Contribution margin per unit of Chair) = $75,000 / $50 = 1,500 units

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Firms that produce similar, slightly differentiated products are called oligopolies.

What is an oligopoly?

An oligopoly is a market structure characterized by a small number of large firms that dominate the market, producing either similar or slightly differentiated products. The term "oligopoly" comes from the Greek words "oligos," meaning few, and "polein," meaning to sell.

In an oligopoly, the few dominant firms have significant market power, and they are able to influence prices and output levels. Due to the relatively small number of firms in the market, each firm's actions can have a significant impact on the overall market. For example, if one firm in an oligopoly cuts its prices, the other firms may be forced to follow suit in order to remain competitive.

Oligopolies often engage in non-price competition, such as advertising or product differentiation, to distinguish their products from those of their competitors. This can lead to a variety of similar but slightly differentiated products in the market.

Oligopolies can have both positive and negative effects on consumers and the economy. On the one hand, they can lead to increased innovation, investment, and economies of scale. On the other hand, they can also lead to higher prices, reduced consumer choice, and barriers to entry for new firms.

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The worth of the firm with expected cash flows of $10,000 a year forever, a beta of 0.4, a risk-free rate of 4%, and an expected rate of return on the market portfolio of 11%,  is approximately $147,058.82 with the given parameters.

To determine the worth we have to,
1. Calculate the firm's required rate of return using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formula:
Required Rate of Return = Risk-Free Rate + Beta * (Market Rate of Return - Risk-Free Rate)
2. Plug in the values:
Required Rate of Return = 0.04 + 0.4 * (0.11 - 0.04)
3. Calculate the Required Rate of Return:
Required Rate of Return = 0.04 + 0.4 * 0.07 = 0.04 + 0.028 = 0.068 or 6.8%
4. Determine the firm's worth using the perpetuity formula:
Firm Worth = Expected Cash Flows / Required Rate of Return
5. Plug in the values:
Firm Worth = $10,000 / 0.068
6. Calculate the Firm Worth:
Firm Worth = $147,058.82
So, the firm is worth approximately $147,058.82 with the given parameters.

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The unemployment rate is 8.57%.  calculate the unemployment rate, we need to determine the number of unemployed workers actively looking for work and the labor force.

The labor force consists of the adult population who are either employed or actively seeking employment. In this case:

Adult population = 698,000
Full-time workers = 369,940
Part-time workers = 21,638
Unemployed workers actively looking for work = 36,703

[tex]Total labor force = Full-time workers + Part-time workers + Unemployed[/tex]workers actively looking for work
Total labor force = 369,940 + 21,638 + 36,703 = 428,281

Now, we can calculate the unemployment rate:

[tex]Unemployment rate = (Unemployed workers actively looking for work / Total labor force) x 100[/tex]
Unemployment rate = (36,703 / 428,281) x 100 = 8.57%

Therefore, the unemployment rate is 8.57%.

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The BCG (Boston Consulting Group) market share/market growth matrix is a tool used to analyze a company's product portfolio. The matrix has four quadrants: stars, cash cows, question marks, and dogs. The quadrant that represents both a high market share and a high rate of market growth represents stars. Option A) is the correct answer.

Stars are products that have a high market share in a growing market. They generate a significant amount of revenue and profit for the company. However, they also require a large amount of investment to maintain their position in the market. Companies should focus on investing in these products to ensure they continue to grow and maintain their high market share.

In contrast, cash cows have a high market share but a low rate of market growth. These products generate a significant amount of revenue but require less investment to maintain their position in the market. Companies should focus on maximizing the profits from these products.

Strivers, on the other hand, have a low market share in a growing market. These products require a significant amount of investment to grow their market share. Option A) is the correct answer.

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Note the full questions is :

The quadrant of the bcg market share/market growth matrix that represents both a high market share and a high rate of market growth represents the: group of answer choices

A) stars

B) innovators

C) cash cows

D) strivers

Byron books inc. recently reported $12 million of net income. Its interest expense is $ 13.9 million.

EBIT (profit before interest and duties) is an organization's net gain before personal duty cost and interest costs are deducted. EBIT is a method for evaluating a company's core operations without taking into account capital structure and tax costs.

             EBT = Net Income / (1 - t)

                = $12 million / (1 - 0.25)

                  = $12 million / 0.75

                          = $16 million

     EBT = EBIT - Interest Expense

      $16 million = $29.9 million - Interest Expense

       Interest Expense = $29.9 million - $16 million

        Interest Expense = $13.9 million, or $13,900,000

EBIT Edge Equation is the productivity proportion which is utilized to quantify that how far the business can deal with its activities actually and proficiently and is determined by partitioning the profit before interest and assessments of the organization by its net income.

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If consumers expect the price of pirra to increase in the future, it will cause a decrease in demand for pirra (answer a). This is because consumers will try to buy less pirra now, in anticipation of the higher price in the future.

On the graph, an increase in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point B. This is because a complement is a good that is usually consumed together with pirra (for example, crackers). If the price of crackers increases, consumers will buy less of both pirra and crackers, causing a decrease in demand for pirra and a shift from Point A to Point B.

A decrease in the price of a complement would cause a move from Point A to Point C. This is because if the price of crackers decreases, consumers will buy more of both pirra and crackers, causing an increase in demand for pirra and a shift from Point A to Point C.

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Option a: Placement involves/includes fitting/selecting a person to the right job.  

When a candidate is selected for a position and is offered the position, the organization must place the candidate in the position of choice, which is achieved through placement. Offering positions to finalists is called placement. The act of formally assigning specific tasks to employees by assigning them specific levels and responsibilities.

A properly prepared employee benefits the company. Effective placement increases employee satisfaction and reduces absenteeism and turnover. Proper placement promotes good relationships with the company and increases employee morale and productivity.

Employee placement was appropriate when productivity increased, product quality improved, work regularity and attendance increased. Supervisors or managers should emphasize the need to constantly monitor newly hired employees to ensure they are well or badly staffed.

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Complete question:

____ involves fitting a person to the right job.

Placement

Orientation

Selection

The service sector is labor-intensive and often requires specialized skills and knowledge to provide customized solutions to individual needs. However, measuring productivity and ensuring consistent quality can be challenging due to the intangible nature of many services.

The service sector is typically labor-intensive, meaning that it requires a significant amount of human labor to provide the service. The service sector frequently focuses on unique individual needs or preferences, or on complex problems that require specialized knowledge and skills.

Many services are performed by professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, accountants, and consultants, who possess specialized knowledge and skills that are difficult to replicate. The intangible nature of many services can make it difficult to measure and evaluate productivity.

Unlike manufacturing, where output can be easily quantified, services are often more subjective and difficult to measure. Quality control can also be challenging in the service sector, as it often depends on the skills and expertise of individual workers, and is difficult to standardize.

Overall, the service sector plays a critical role in the economy and is an important source of employment and innovation.

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When comparing the life expectancies of two populations, Population A with high income inequality and Population B with low income inequality, it is expected that life expectancy would be greater for Population B.

This is because low income inequality often results in a more equitable distribution of resources, better access to healthcare, and overall improved living conditions.

In contrast, high income inequality in Population A may lead to disparities in healthcare access, higher levels of stress, and increased prevalence of diseases among the economically disadvantaged.

Therefore, it is likely that life expectancy would be higher in Population B due to the more equal distribution of resources and opportunities, leading to better health outcomes for its members.

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If you strongly believed that the Federal Reserve was going to surprise the markets and increase interest rates, you would want to sell bonds.

In general, bond prices and interest rates have an inverse relationship. When interest rates rise, the prices of existing bonds fall, and when interest rates fall, the prices of existing bonds rise. This is because when interest rates rise, new bonds will be issued with higher coupon rates, making the older bonds with lower coupon rates less attractive to investors.

If an investor believes that the Federal Reserve is going to increase interest rates, they may expect the prices of existing bonds to fall. To avoid losses, they may decide to sell their bonds before the interest rate hike takes effect. This would involve selling the bonds on the secondary market, where the price of the bond will reflect the current interest rate environment.

Selling bonds before an interest rate hike can be a risky strategy, as it relies on accurately predicting the actions of the Federal Reserve and the reaction of the markets. If the interest rate hike does not materialize or is less severe than expected, the investor may miss out on potential gains if they have sold their bonds prematurely.

Investors who are concerned about interest rate risk may also consider investing in bonds with shorter maturities or in bond funds that employ strategies to mitigate the impact of rising interest rates, such as investing in floating-rate bonds or using interest rate hedging techniques.

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Subjective measures of performance, such as ratings of interpersonal skills or leadership abilities, are often more difficult to determine than objective measures, such as sales figures or number of units produced. Given statement is True.

This is because subjective measures rely on the evaluator's judgment and interpretation of the employee's behavior, which can be influenced by factors such as personal biases, expectations, and perceptions.

In contrast, objective measures are typically more straightforward and easier to quantify, as they are based on concrete and measurable outcomes. However, it is important to note that objective measures may not always provide a complete or accurate picture of an employee's performance, and it may be necessary to use subjective measures to supplement or complement the information provided by objective measures.

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In 2014, China decided to cut back on its economic growth in order to prevent imbalances from occurring in their economy. With slower economic growth in China, there are several consequences and implications such as reduced demand for goods and services, higher unemployment rates, and reduced investment.

Firstly, slower economic growth in China can lead to reduced demand for goods and services, both domestically and internationally. This can impact global trade, as China is a major player in the world economy and a significant consumer of various commodities and products. The decreased demand can result in lower prices and reduced production levels for many industries.

Secondly, slower growth can lead to higher unemployment rates in China. As the economy expands at a slower pace, there may be fewer job opportunities for workers. This can result in increased social unrest and potentially lead to political instability.

Thirdly, slower economic growth in China may also lead to reduced investment in the country. Foreign investors may become more cautious about investing in China, as the prospects for strong returns may diminish. This can have a negative impact on the country's ability to develop its infrastructure and modernize its industries.

Moreover, slower growth can also affect China's ability to address some of its pressing environmental concerns. A slower-growing economy may not have the resources or the political will to invest in cleaner technologies and practices.

In summary, slower economic growth in China can have various consequences, including reduced demand for goods and services, higher unemployment, reduced foreign investment, and potential difficulties in addressing environmental concerns. It is essential for China to manage its economic growth in a way that addresses these challenges while also preventing imbalances in the economy.

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Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are applications that integrate business activities across functional departments.

ERP systems are software applications that allow organizations to manage and integrate their core business processes across multiple departments, including finance, human resources, inventory and supply chain management, and customer relationship management. These systems provide a centralized and unified view of the organization's data, enabling real-time access to information and facilitating collaboration and decision-making across different departments.

ERP systems are designed to streamline and automate business processes, reduce costs, and improve efficiency and productivity. They typically include a range of modules or applications that support different business functions, such as financial management, procurement, inventory control, production planning, and sales and marketing.

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An investor owns 4% preferred stock participating to 6%. This means the investor:

a) must receive at least 6% each year - Incorrect. The investor is guaranteed a 4% dividend each year, not 6%.

b) could receive an additional 6% over the stated 4% dividend if the board declares it - Incorrect. The stock is participating up to 6%, so the maximum possible dividend is 6%, not 4% + 6%.

c) could receive an additional 2% over the stated 4% dividend if the board declares it - Correct. With participating preferred stock, the investor is entitled to a 4% dividend plus the possibility of receiving up to 2% additional if the company performs well and the board declares it.

d) must receive an additional 4% in any year the board declares the 6% participating be paid - Incorrect. The investor is only entitled to an additional 2% in years where the board declares the 6% participating to be paid.

In summary, an investor who owns 4% preferred stock participating to 6% is entitled to a guaranteed 4% dividend each year, and may receive up to an additional 2% if the board declares it based on the company's performance. This allows the investor to benefit from the company's success while also maintaining the security of the guaranteed 4% dividend.

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The statement "the use of timely, quantifiable standards guarantees good performance" is generally true. When performance is evaluated based on well-defined and measurable criteria, it becomes easier to track progress and identify areas for improvement.

Timely standards enable managers to set clear expectations for employees and monitor their progress on a regular basis, which in turn can motivate individuals to work more efficiently. Quantifiable standards, on the other hand, help to establish benchmarks against which performance can be measured objectively.

It's important to note that while timely, quantifiable standards can guarantee good performance to some extent, they are not foolproof. There are other factors that can affect performance such as the availability of resources, employee morale, and external factors such as market conditions.

Nonetheless, using timely, quantifiable standards provides a solid foundation for monitoring and improving performance, making it an effective management tool.

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The customer service that is demonstrated by Serena receiving an email about her shipped order, along with a tracking number for monitoring its progress demonstrates the aspect of "proactive communication" in customer service.

Proactive communication is essential for maintaining customer satisfaction and building trust. It involves providing relevant information to customers without them having to request it or experience any issues first.

In Serena's case, the company took the initiative to inform her about the shipping status and expected delivery date, while also providing a tracking number. This allows her to monitor the shipment's progress and ensures that she is well-informed about her order's status.

This type of customer service approach is highly beneficial, as it shows that the company is committed to keeping their customers updated and informed throughout the entire process. It also helps reduce uncertainty and anxiety on the customer's end, leading to a more positive overall experience.

By providing proactive communication, the company is demonstrating their dedication to delivering a seamless and stress-free experience for their customers, ultimately contributing to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.

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If economic policy makers want to increase real GDP by $100 with as little impact on the budget balance as possible, they should consider decreasing taxes.

This is because increasing government purchases of goods and services or increasing transfer payments would directly increase government spending and thus, have a direct impact on the budget balance. However, decreasing taxes would stimulate consumer spending and investment, which in turn would increase demand for goods and services and result in an increase in real GDP. Additionally, a decrease in taxes may also lead to an increase in economic growth, which could lead to increased tax revenue in the long run, helping to offset any short-term impacts on the budget balance.

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The measurement of the annual economic value of all goods and services within a country is called the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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the average variable cost when 12 units are produced is $55.75.

To find the average variable cost (AVC) when 12 units are produced, we first need to find the total variable cost (TVC) at that level of production.

The TVC is equal to the total cost (TC) minus the total fixed cost (TFC). However, since the fixed cost is not given in the problem, we can't directly calculate the TVC

Instead, we can use the fact that the average fixed cost (AFC) is equal to TFC divided by the quantity produced. Mathematically, we have:

AFC = TFC/Q

Rearranging this equation, we can solve for TFC:

TFC = AFC * Q

Substituting the given information, we have:

TC = 225 + 32Q + 2[tex]Q^2[/tex]

TFC = AFC * Q

We know that the fixed cost is the same regardless of the level of production, so we can use the fact that the average fixed cost is $5 when 10 units are produced to find the value of AFC:

AFC = TFC/Q = $5

Substituting this into the equation for TFC, we get:

TFC = $5 * 12 = $60

Now we can find the TVC at 12 units of production:

TVC = TC - TFC = (225 + 32Q + [tex]2Q^2[/tex]) - $60

At Q = 12, this gives

TVC = (225 + 32(12) + 2([tex]12^2[/tex])) - $60 = $66

Finally, we can find the AVC at 12 units of production by dividing the TVC by the quantity produced:

AVC = TVC/Q = $669/12 = $55.75

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The term you are looking for that refers to attempts to make systems development less of an art and more of a science is A) Systems engineering.

The answer is A) Systems engineering. Systems engineering is the process of applying scientific and engineering principles to the development, design, and maintenance of complex systems. It involves using a systematic and structured approach to develop systems, with a focus on ensuring that the system meets all of its requirements, is reliable, and can be maintained and updated over time. By making systems development more of a science, organizations can reduce the risk of failure, improve efficiency, and ensure that the system meets the needs of all stakeholders.

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The document that addresses where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals is called a "Status Report" or "Progress Report." This report provides an overview of the project's progress and highlights any deviations from the initial plan.

The document that addresses where the project stands in terms of meeting scope, time, and cost goals is the project status report. This report provides a summary of the current status of the project, including progress made, issues encountered, risks identified, and any changes to the project plan.

It also includes updates on the project timeline, budget, and scope, providing stakeholders with an overview of the project's progress and performance.

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Since Q-Tell's receivables collection period is longer than the industry average, the closest answer among the given options is: 25 days. The correct option is C

First, let's clarify the terms involved. The receivables turnover ratio is an accounting measure that shows how efficiently a company is collecting its accounts receivable, which are amounts owed by customers for goods or services provided.

The average receivables collection period is the number of days it takes for a company to collect its accounts receivable, and it can be calculated by dividing 365 by the receivables turnover ratio.

In this case, the communications industry has an average receivables turnover ratio of 16 times. Since Q-Tell's receivables turnover is less than the industry average, it means they are less efficient in collecting accounts receivable. Consequently, their average receivables collection period will be longer than the industry average.

To find the industry average receivables collection period, we'll use the formula:

Industry average receivables collection period = 365 / Receivables turnover ratio

= 365 / 16 ≈ 22.81 days

In conclusion, Q-Tell Incorporated's average receivables collection period is most likely 25 days, given its receivables turnover ratio is less than the industry average of 16 times.

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Complete question:

Assume that Q-Tell Incorporated is in the communications industry, which has an average receivables turnover ratio of 16 times. If the Q-Tell's receivables turnover is less than that of the industry, Q-Tell's average receivables collection period is most likely:

A. 20 days.

B. 12 days.

C. 25 days.

In a linear programming formulation, a statement such as "maximize contribution" becomes an objective function.

What is objective function?

The objective function in a linear programming problem defines the goal or objective of the problem in mathematical terms. It typically involves maximizing or minimizing a linear expression of the decision variables, subject to the constraints of the problem.

In this case, the goal is to maximize the contribution, which is a measure of the profit or revenue generated by the system being optimized. By formulating the objective function in terms of the decision variables and the contribution, the linear programming algorithm can identify the optimal values of the decision variables that maximize the contribution.

Therefore, "maximize contribution" becomes the objective function in a linear programming formulation.

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Yes, there is only one Nash equilibrium with payoff matrix in the reward matrix, which occurs when both players decide to leave.

A Nash equilibrium is a collection of strategies, one for each participant, where no player may unilaterally change their approach to increase their payout. If Player 1 decides to cooperate in this situation, Player 2's best course of action is to defect because they will get a greater payout of 2 instead of 1.

The wisest course of action for Player 2 is still to defect if Player 1 decides to do so, since they will receive a greater payment of 2 as opposed to 1. Therefore, since neither party can increase their payout by altering their approach unilaterally, the only Nash equilibrium is for both players to defect.

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Basic premise of political economic model begin with-

The growth machine refers to the coalition of powerful stakeholders, including developers, landowners, and politicians, who work together to promote economic growth and development in urban areas.

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