Consider that you have a code of 200,000 instructions which is executed using a 16 stages pipeline. It is expected that 20% of the instructions will cause an exception. In order to handle the exception, there is an exception handler which is using 20 cycles to execute (includes the flushing and reloading and the actual handling of the exception). The pipeline frequency is 2 GHz

i) How many cycles does it take to execute the code?

ii) What is the average CPI for this code?

iii) How long does it take to execute the code?

Answer:

i) The total number of cycles required to execute the code can be calculated as follows:

Total number of instructions = 200,000

Number of instructions causing exceptions = 20% of 200,000 = 40,000

Number of instructions without exceptions = 200,000 - 40,000 = 160,000

Cycles required for instructions without exceptions = 160,000 x 16 = 2,560,000

Cycles required for instructions causing exceptions = 40,000 x (16 + 20) = 1,440,000

Total number of cycles required = 2,560,000 + 1,440,000 = 4,000,000 cycles

ii) The average CPI (Cycles Per Instruction) can be calculated as follows:

Total number of cycles required = 4,000,000 cycles

Total number of instructions executed = 200,000 instructions

Average CPI = Total number of cycles required / Total number of instructions executed

= 4,000,000 / 200,000

= 20 cycles per instruction

iii) The time required to execute the code can be calculated as follows:

Total number of cycles required = 4,000,000 cycles

Pipeline frequency = 2 GHz

Time required to execute the code = Total number of cycles required / Pipeline frequency

= 4,000,000 / 2,000,000,000

= 2 milliseconds

To execute the code using a 16-stage pipeline, each instruction will take 16 cycles. Therefore, the total number of cycles required to execute 200,000 instructions is: 3,200,000 cycles.

CPI stands for Cycles Per Instruction. It is a metric used to measure the efficiency of a computer's instruction processing. The lower the CPI, the more efficiently the computer is processing instructions.

Each instruction will take 16 cycles to execute using a 16-stage pipeline. As a result, the total number of cycles required to execute 200,000 instructions is as follows:

200,000 times 16 = 3,200,000 cycles

The percentage of instructions causing an exception is 20%, so the average CPI can be calculated as:

Average CPI = (Ideal CPI x Percentage of Instructions without Exceptions) + (Cycles per Exception x Percentage of Instructions with Exceptions)

Average CPI = (1 x 0.8) + (20 x 0.2)

Average CPI = 4.4 cycles per instruction

The length of time it takes to execute the code can be calculated using the following formula:

Execution Time = (Number of Cycles x Cycle Time)

Since the pipeline frequency is 2 GHz, the cycle time is:

Cycle Time = 1 / 2 GHz = 0.5 ns

Therefore, the execution time is:

Execution Time = (3,200,000 + (0.2 x 200,000 x 20)) x 0.5 ns

Execution Time = 1,640,000 ns

Thus, it takes 1,640,000 nanoseconds to execute the code.

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The CUNY University System has begun developing programs for enterprising professionals and advanced degree students that want to complete their studies remotely. This emerging need originated when the CUNY University System was operating fully remote due to the Corona virus. There is significant interest in continuing to provide this remote mode of instruction and expand it to new outreach programs within the New York City region. The CUNY University System has hired you to provide help with their modernized WAN that will be needed for developing these new programs.

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Fill in the blank after egrep to get output on matrix exactly as shown

$ egrep "_____________" ~mark.fernandes/pub/notes/data/cars

plym fury 77 73 2500
chevy nova 79 60 3000
volvo gl 78 102 9850
Chevy nova 80 50 3500
fiat 600 65 115 450
honda accord 81 30 6000
toyota tercel 82 180 750
chevy impala 65 85 1550


NO quotes. Use as few characters as you can to get the output above.
Answer does not use egrep options. Keep trying as many answers exist.

HINT: Use answer(s) from previous question(s) for clues to solve this
question except these blanks use regex not egrep options and no quotes.